Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
malaria in ethiopia case study - Coggle Diagram
malaria in ethiopia case study
socio-economic impacts
5 million cases a year killing around 70,000 ethiopians
often effects the poor worst as they like in shoddy housing with very few mosquito nets
it has deliberating effects on the economy due to absenteeism from work, slowing economic growth and continuing the cycle of poverty
Lost production in sub-saharan africa is estimated to be $12 billion due to malaria
the cost to health services is also considerable. In ethiopia, 40% of health expenditure and 10% of hospital admissions are caused by malaria
It has also had effects on tourism as people are concerned for their health
Food security is at risk as population movement to the highlands has resulted in large scale land degradation
In Amhara, one of the provinces worst affected by malaria, the prevalence of the disease fell from 4.6% of the population in 2006 to just 0.8% in 2011
Incidence and patterns of malaria:
Most common in the western lowlands - high humidity, high temperature, stagnant water
Absent in the highlands - low temperature, low humidity, thin air, no stagnant water
Environmental cause of malaria: these causes allow the breeding and provide suitable living conditions for mosquitoes
High temperature
high humidity
stagnant water for breeding
Malaria facts
communicable
infectious
carried by humans and vectors: mosquitoes
symptoms:
Fever
Headache
chills
vomitting
Affects the liver
Human causes of malaria
Population movement - yearly harvest causes large-scale population movements between the malarial free highlands and the agricultural lowlands. This coincides with rainy season and therefore peak malarial transmission rate. Also most work continues into the night with migrant workers sleeping in the fields. This is when mosquitoes are most active causing more cases.
Urbanisation - rubbish dumps, flood excavations, discarded containers all provide ample breeding grounds for mosquitoes
Irrigation schemes - projects in the Awash Valley and in Gambella province, with the construction of canals, micro-dams and ponds, and the cultivation of rice, have expanded breeding habitats. The projects originated from Live Aid which has been great for human development but has increased malaria
Misuse of malaria drugs - many people have been taking malaria drugs unwarranted making malaria more resistant to the drugs
Poverty cycle:
person gets sick
-stay off work as unable to work
companion stays off work to care for them
shortage of demand as people have not worked and have no disposable income to spend
this causes economic growth to reach a stand still
ethiopia has no money to prevent malaria, physically and medically causing the cycle to continue
Control strategies for malaria
direct strategies
measures to eradicate mosquito dwellings by directly spraying them with insecticide
these strategies are effective however only work on a small scale as there are too many habitats to destroy
ineffective during the rainy season as the water will just rid of the insecticide instantly
indirect strategies
nationwide campaign to spread awareness about malaria protection
testing kits to quickly identify if malaria is present
these are effective on a larger scale however will be ineffective if the educated people continue to die out
to control malaria successfully both indirect and direct strategies must be implemented. Firstly with direct to get hold of the deaths and then with indirect to control it on a larger scale