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PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF THE CURRICULUM - Coggle Diagram
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF THE CURRICULUM
ASSOCIATION AND BEHAVIORISM
EDWARD THORNDIKE
(1874-1949)
◉He championed the connectionism theory.
◉He proposed the three laws of learning: The laws of readiness, the laws of exercise, and the law of effect.
◉Specific stimulus has specific response.
ROBERT GAGNE
(1916-2002)
◉He proposed the hierarchical learning theory which implies that learning follows a hierarchy.
◉Behavior is based on prerequisite conditions.
◉He introduced tasking in the formulation of objectives.
IVAN PAVLOV
(1849-1936)
◉The father of classical conditioning theory, the stimulus-response theory.
◉The key to learning is the early years of life is to train them what you want them to become.
◉S-R Theory laid the foundation of a learning practice called indoctrination.
COGNITIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY
JEAN PIAGET
(1896-1980)
◉He proposed the four major stages of cognitive development: Sensorimotor stage (0-2), preoperational stage (2-7), concrete operations stage (7-11), and formal operations (11-onwards).
◉He proposed three keys to learning: Assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration.
LEV VYGOTSKY
(1896-1980)
◉He proposed the Sociocultural Development Theory
◉He emphasizes two keys to learning: Pedagogy creates learning processes that lead to development and the child is an active agent in his or her educational process.
HOWARD GARDNER
◉He proposed the eight multiple intelligences: Linguistic, logico-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.
DANIEL GOLEMAN
◉He coined the term Emotional Quotient. The theory emphasizes that emotion contains the power to affect action.
HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
GESTALT
◉Learning is understood as grasping the “wholeness” of a problem. Key aspects include recognizing that learning is complex and abstract, requiring learners to analyze problems, distinguish between essential and nonessential information, and understand relationships. Learners integrate their previous experiences to perceive the problem as a whole.
ABRAHAM MARLOW
(1908-1970)
◉He advanced the Self-Actualization Theory which emphasizes the basic human needs.
CARL ROGERS
(1902-1987)
◉He established the Nondirective and therapeutic learning and emphasized that keys to learning is concerned with the process, personal needs, and psychological meaning.
