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How can we manipulate our state of arousal to reach an optimal level? -…
How can we manipulate our state of arousal to reach an optimal level?
Ethical considerations
All participants in the study will be volunteers and have chosen to be in the experiemnt
Participants will be given the right to withdraw at any time
Every partiicpant will give informed consent. This will be done by handling waivers that all the participants must sign before starting the experiemnt, and must have all the information needed for the expeirment.
Confidentiality, so instead of names, each participant will be assigned and addresses by an ID number.
All the results will be recorded as accurately as possible to make sure there is accurate reporting
Once the study us completed, the participants will be debriefed on the study and told any information that was hidden from them. And the psychologists must give the participants any resources they need after the study is completed.
Sample and population
Sample size - 60-80 particiapnts
Young adults (18–35 years), as this sis the most common group for studies as they are more available.
Extraneous variables
Participant variables
Age
Gender
Baseline anxiety or stress levels
Medication use
Constant variables
Environment and setting (same place for all participants)
Instructions given to ensure same understanding
Using the same tools to measure arousal (heart rate montior, self reporting scales)
Situational variables
Temperature of the room
Lighting
Other/outside noise
Time of day
Presence of others
Variables
Independent variable - Arousal manipulation techniques (physical exercise, mediation, stress-inducing tasks)
Dependant variables
Qualitiative - How did the participants feel after the tasks, and how they describe their answer, could be an open ended response.
Subjective quantitative - how they felt and rated their level of arousal during and after the tasks (their perceived arousal rating)
Objective quantitative - Measures, like heart rate before and after the arousal manipulation using a heart rate monitor.
Research design type
Observational design - Observe participants during execution of different arousal techniques, focusing on their reactions and interactions, recording body language, facial expressions, before and after the techniques
Advantages
Allows data to be seen from a real world respective
More natural data - natural behaviours etc
Disadvantages
Observations can be influenced by the researches expectations or bias.
No conclusions can be drawn
Experimental design - designed to rest the effects if different techniques, and determine which is most effective at achieving optimal arousal levels.
Advantages
Allows complete control over the distractions, guarantees all controlled variables - so a conclusion can be drawn
Can be easily replicated
Disadvantages
Artificial environment - expensive to produce
Doesn't accurately depict how this would react in real life, and the participants might respond differently in their natural environment
Qualitative - Using the Delphi technique to gather expert opinions on how to manipulate states of arousal. It involves surveys and feedback from experts.
Advantages
There is expert insight and consensus through this, and repeated rounds of feedback allows experts to refine the views before reaching a concensus.
More flexibility in responses
Disadvantages
No conclusion can be drawn
Very time consuming