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CONNECTED SPEECH, can occur WITHIN WORDS, where it is OBLIGATORY.,…
CONNECTED SPEECH
LIAISON
A NON-ROTHIC ACCENT drops/releases the /r/ sound if it comes after a vowel and is followed by a Consonant, or if it is at the end of a word; = "sta(r)t", "pa(r)k", "butte(r)".(the /r/ sound is NOT pronounced).
NON-ROTHIC SPEAKERS only pronounce /r/ before vowels. /r/ is added to the end of the first word in transcription, as the sound can be inserted between the 1st 2 words=
LINKING /r/
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an /r/ sound can be inserted between the words, when a word ending in a VOWEL is followed by a word beginning with a vowel=
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can be replaced by /?/ glottal, instead.
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appear only in words containing the vowels /ə, ɔː, ɑː/.
LIAISON occurs in words which end in NON-HIGH vowels or CENTRING DIPHTHONGS (diphthongs ending in schwa)
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NON-HIGH VOWELS= central (e/ə/ɔː/ʌ/ɜː) "banana and tofi" /bəˈnɑːnər ənd tɒfi/, "paw paw and yogurt"
/pɔː pɔːr ənd ˈjɒgət/; and open (æ/ɒ/ɑː)
WORDS that do not allow Liaison end in HIGH VOWELS or CLOSING DIPHTHONGS (diphthongs ending in high vowels)
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LINKING /w/ /j/
When a word ends with a VOWEL SOUND and the next word begins with a VOWEL SOUND in Connected Speech, they are sometimes combined using a /w/ or /j/ sound, both SEMICONSONANTS.
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LINKING= Catenation
Linking means that 2 words are said as one by MOVING the LAST consonant of a word to the NEXT sound of the word after that. CATENATION means ways in which speakers join words together
In a Sentence
Word ending in a consonant sound + next word begining with a vowel sound,
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Prepositions
Phrasal verbs/ expressions with prepositions are usually pronounced as part of the word that comes BEFORE it in the sentence.
"Take off your jacket" /teɪk ɒf jə ˈʤækɪt/ =
/teɪkɒf jə ˈʤækɪt/ "Fill out the form"
/fɪl aʊt ðə fɔːm/ = /fɪlaʊt ðə fɔːm/
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Expressions
when in CS the 1st word ends in a consonant and the 2nd word begins with a consonant, BOTH words are often PUSHED TOGETHER and said quickly because they are so common.
"Last friday" /lɑːst ˈfraɪdɪ/ = /lɑːstfraɪdɪ/ "They'll be" /ðeɪl biː/ = /ðeɪlbiː/ "dish towel" /dɪʃ ˈtaʊəl/ = /dɪʃtaʊəl/
Elision of /h/
The /h/ sound dissapears in C.S. in Function Words like: he, him, his, her; Aux. Verbs like: have; Pronouns like: who; Unless it is a stressed syllable or it comes at the beginning of a sentence. Linking occurs when the sound after the elided sound /h/ is added to the word that goes before=
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CLUSTER REDUCTION
IN BETWEEN WORDS:
"twelfth night" /twelfθ naɪt/ = /twelθ naɪt/ or /twelf naɪt/
"kept calling"/kept ˈkɔːlɪŋ/ = /kep ˈkɔːlɪŋ/
"hard disk"/hɑːd dɪsk/ = /hɑː dɪsk/
"kept talking" /kept ˈtɔːkɪŋ/ = /kep ˈtɔːkɪŋ/
"at least twice" /ət liːst twaɪs/ = /ət liːs twaɪs/
"straight towards" /streɪt təˈwɔːdz/ = /streɪ təˈwɔːdz/
"want to" /wɒnt tʊ/ = /wɒn tʊ/
"seemed not to notice" /siːmd nɒt tə ˈnəʊtɪs/ = /siːmd nɒtə ˈnəʊtɪs/
Involves the deletion of VOICELESS ORAL PLOSIVES, as its more difficult to produce 2 PLOSIVES in a row.
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SYLLABIC CONSONANTS
NASAL SYLLABICITY
/ən/ may become syllabic /n̩/ when preceded by a CONSONANT, especially an ALVEOLAR(/t/d/s/z/n/l/):
"listen" /lisən/=/lisn̩/,
"golden" /ˈgəʊldən/ = /ˈgəʊldn̩/
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LATERAL SYLLABICITY
/əl/ may become syllabic /l̩ / when PRECEDED by an OBSTRUENT CONSONANT (all consonants but: /w/l/r/j/) especially an ALVEOLAR: /t/d/s/z/n/l/
"bottle" /ˈbɒtəl/= /ˈbɒtl̩/ (obstruent, alveolar consonant)
"medal" / ˈmedəl/= /ˈmedl̩/ (obstruent, alveolar consonant)
"pencil" / ˈpensəl/= /ˈpensl̩/ (obstruent consonant) 
ELISION
VOWEL ELISION
Short, unstressed centralized (/u/,(vowel n°8), /ə/(vowel n°12), /i/(vowel n°2) vowels, between voiceless consonants, in unstressed syllables.
"perhaps"/pəˈhæps/=/'pæps/, "police" /pəˈliːs/=/'pliːs/
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ASSIMILATION
WORD INTERNAL
"mature" /məˈtʃ ʊə/ = /məˈtjʊə/
"education" /edʒuːˈkeɪʃən/ = /edjuːˈkeɪʃən/
"glacial" /ˈgleɪʃəl/ = /ˈgleɪsjəl/ = /ˈgleɪsiəl/
e.g.of assimilated forms being the only one to adopt:
"factual" /ˈfækʧʊəl/
"gradual" /ˈgrædjʊəl/
"apreciate" /əˈpriːʃɪeɪt/
"issue" /ˈɪʃuː/
AT WORD BOUNDARY
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/t/d/ to /ʈʃ/ /dʒ/ when followed by /j/=
"Last year" /lɑːst jɪə / / lɑːstʃɪə/
"Behind you" /bɪˈhaɪnd jʊ / /bɪˈhaɪndʒʊ/
/s/ /z/ to / ʃ/ /ʒ/ when /j/ /ʃ/ follows:
"Her voice shook" /hɜː vɔɪs ʃʊk/ /hɜː vɔɪʃ ʃʊk/
"In case you do" /ɪn keɪs jʊ duː/ /ɪn keɪʃ ʃʊ duː/
"Here's yours" /hɪəz jɔːz/ /hɪəʒ jɔːz/ /hɪəʒ ʒɔːz/
/t/d/n/ to /k/g/ŋ/
"hot cakes" /hɒt keɪks/ /hɒk keɪks
"I should go" /aɪ ʃəd gəʊ/ /aɪ ʃəg gəʊ/
"His own car"/hɪz əʊn kɑː/ /hɪz əʊŋ kɑː/
He won't go" /hiː wəʊnt gəʊ/ / /hiː wəʊŋk gəʊ/
can occur WITHIN WORDS, where it is OBLIGATORY.
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-In isolation: car /kɑː/, more /mɔː/, fear /fɪə/.
-LINKING /r/: "car aerial" /kɑːrˈeərɪəl/, "more or less" /mɔːrə les/, "fear of it" /fɪərəv ɪt/.
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C.R: in order to simplify a cluster (group of consonants) when 2 or more consonants come together in C.S. 1 of them is elided.
Assimilation: sound change in which some phonemes change to become more similar to other nearby sounds.
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Elision: deletion /omission of one or more sounds (a vowel, a consonant, or a whole syllable) in a word or phrase.
consonant sounds most likely influenced by adjacent (proximate) sounds in C.S. (Alveolars): /t/d/s/z/n/
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HIATUS=
Its when 2 vowels occur next to each other.
(Its the opposite of Elision)
Ways to avoid the problem of Hiatus:
-within 1 word= "Vienna(r)and naive".
-In the final and initial vowels of 2 successive words= "See(r)it".