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Giolitti's government - Coggle Diagram
Giolitti's government
Giolitti and the Catholics
First liberal to appeal to the catholics
Giolitti saw catholic support as a counterweight to the socialists
1913 elections, the pope supported Giolitti
issues
alliance was unstable as Giolitti was wary of the catholics due to his desire to secede territory back to the vatican
alliance was not stable nor permanent.
Giolitti and Nationalists
Set up in 1910 and by 1914 had huge support.
movement most opposed to giolitti
they bemoaned his foreign policy and methods
hated the economic backwardness of Italy and her lack of colionies
supported..
economically protectionist policies
ban on strikes and stronger police
gaining of irredentist lands
Giolitti and the Socialists
Targeted moderate socialist deputies
part was successful (won 20% in 1909) and so it was important to include them in coalitions.
due to issues within the movement, socialists never really took part in Giolitti's coalitions
due to police brutality, they were uncomfortable with the state
movement itself was divied
the members of unions were less willing to work with the giolittians than the politicians.
Invasion of Libya/ Foreign policy of Giolitti`
Reasons for the invasion
weaken nationalist support by showing that liberals could also be nationalist
powerful business interests who had invested into North Africa supported the invasion
French interest in taking control of North Africa- would have been ermbarrasing
popular opinion was in favour of the invasion
events of the invasion
29th September 1911, Italy declared war on the ottomans
within three weeks, Italy had the coastal ports and towns
from then on, progress was slow due to opposition from locals and turk
Only won due to diplomatic pressure, took control of 13 Aegean islands meaning the turks had to choose between Libya and the islands
impacts of the invasion
was not as successful as it seemed.
cost 1,300 million lire
3,500 Italians killed
drove up support for the nationalists, who stated that they had caused the invasion and bemoaned the length of time taken for victory
pushed the nationalists and catholics into an unnatural alliance
weakened the minimalist socialists and maximalists took control in 1912
expansion of the franchise in 1912 to all men over 30 and those literate over 21
led to destabilisation of the political sysemtn due to power ended to the socualiusts
Libya produced the same crops as Italy, so domestic food decreased in price
September 1911- October 1912
Biographical details
PM for most of 1903-1914
Even when not PM, usually in a key role (interior minister is an example)
skilled manipulator and could use transformismo to great effect
Giolitti's government overview
Despite his manipulations, Giolitti had a vision
Italy being stronger, more united and modernised
implemented key reforms to solve social issues within the country.
Welfare, education and industrial policies
Willing to work with any and all groups to achieve his aims
Despite his reforms, workers organised
Federation of Agricultural workers in 1901
Giolitti wanted to bring these organisations into politics
Rights to organise, protest and strike were introduced
Issues with reforms
Had no real impact on the lives of many as the elites were backed by the police who violently suppressed many workers
economic production still prioritised over welfare
elites did not feel that Giolitti represented them and so supported ever more authoritarian groups