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Nominative, Ablative, Dative, Accusative, Genitive, Vocative - Coggle…
Nominative
Subject of sentence/clause.
puella librum legit.
Also used as a complement.
puella est soror mea.
Ablative
With prepositions meaning "going away from" & "staying in a place".
cives qui ex amphitheatro festinaverunt nunc in foro sunt.
Agent and instrument.
The agent uses
a/ab
and the ablative; the instrument uses the ablative alone.
imperator gladio necatus est a custode suo.
Time expressions
for time
when
(point of time) and time
within which
.
prima luce discessi, sed tribus diebus reveniam.
Comparison
: The 2nd item in a simple comparison can use the ablative without
quam
.
hic puer fratre stultior est.
Description
: The ablative (rather than gen.) is used for physical description.
servus ingentibus pedibus.
Price
hanc villam magno pretio emi.
After certain verbs and adjectives.
egeo, potior, opus est, utor, dignus.
Ablative Absolute
: A noun and participle phrase grammatically unconnected with the rest of the sentence.
opere confecto, omnes gavisi sumus.
Dative
After certain verbs and adjectives.
appropinquo, confido, credo, faveo, impero, minor, noceo, obviam eo, parco, pareo, persuadeo, placet, praeficio, praesum, resisto.
idoneus, similis, utilis.
Predicative.
hic liber mihi auxilio est.
vestimenta puellis dono dedi.
Indirect object.
iuvenis amicae donum dedit.
Advantage.
rem publicam civibus servavit.
Possession.
est mihi canis.
Agent.
omnia verba nobis discenda sunt.
Accusative
Direct object in a sentence/clause.
puer pecuniam celavit.
pater me haec verba docuit.
Motion towards or through. Often follows prepositions.
ad Italiam navigabamus.
Romam festinabo.
Time expressions of duration.
tres horas manebam.
Subject of an infinitive in indirect statements.
senex dixit pueros fugisse.
Accusative of respect/"part affected".
miles tergum vulneratus est.
Genitive
After certain verbs and adjectives.
nominis tuis oblitus sum.
dux noster laudis cupidus est.
Descriptive.
(Often called genitive of quantity)
senex magnae sapientiae.
donum magni pretii.
Possession.
canem fratris inveni.
Partitive.
da mihi plus cibi.
In front of the postposition
causa
.
The genitive word often being a gerund/gerundive.
dormiendi causa manebam.
Vocative
Address or speak directly to someone.
discede, domine!