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PT2 - Is our most revered knowledge more fragile than we assume it to be?…
PT2 - Is our most revered knowledge more fragile than we assume it to be?
fragile
referring to its vulnerability to being challenged, questioned, or even overturned.
Subject to Change or Revision
What are the conditions under which revered knowledge can be revised or changed?
How do advancements in technology or methodology contribute to the revision of previously accepted knowledge?
Can knowledge that has been revised still be considered reliable, or does revision inherently diminish its credibility?
`Easily challenged or dispute
What factors make certain knowledge more susceptible to being challenged or disputed?
How does the existence of alternative perspectives or competing evidence undermine the stability of revered knowledge?
To what extent does the ability to dispute knowledge indicate its fragility versus its openness to critical evaluation?
Dependent on Context or Perspective
How does the context in which knowledge is produced or interpreted affect its perceived stability or fragility?
In what ways does the change in cultural, social, or technological contexts reveal the fragility of previously revered knowledge?
Can knowledge that is heavily context-dependent be considered universally valid, or does its reliance on specific perspectives make it fragile?
Lacking in Robustness
What characteristics make knowledge robust, and how do we identify when knowledge lacks these characteristics?
How does the fragility of knowledge manifest when it is built on weak foundations or limited evidence?
Can knowledge that is initially fragile become more robust over time, or is its initial fragility a permanent flaw?
Erosion Over Time
What causes revered knowledge to erode over time, and how can this erosion be measured or observed?
How do changing values or societal shifts contribute to the erosion of knowledge that was once considered stable?
Is it inevitable that all knowledge erodes over time, or are some forms of knowledge immune to this process?
What factors contribute to the fragility of knowledge?
How are we certain the knowledge is fragile?
Who is eligible to point out that a knowledge is fragile?
Those in the same area of field or is it acceptable for other area of knowledge's expert to do so?
Is the factor that contributes to it influence by others perspective as in bias?
Are there specific examples where knowledge once considered solid was later proven to be fragile?
What caused its collapse?
Can a revered knowledge be fragile only in certain culture and not in others?
How can we determine whether a knowledge a fragile one?
Is it possible for any knowledge to be truly robust and immune to challenge, or is all knowledge, by nature, fragile?
How do our assumptions about the stability of knowledge contribute to its perceived fragility?
more fragile than we assume it to be
What assumptions do we make about the stability and reliability of revered knowledge?
How does the recognition of knowledge’s fragility impact its continued reverence?
Does it lead to a loss of respect or to a deeper understanding?
How do new discoveries, cultural shifts, or technological advancements challenge our assumptions about the strength of revered knowledge?
New discoveries
How do scientific breakthroughs or new historical evidence prompt the re-evaluation of long-held beliefs or revered knowledge?
How do discoveries in one Area of Knowledge impact the credibility and reverence of knowledge in another, potentially unrelated, area?
Cultural shift
How do changing societal values and ethics influence which knowledge is revered and which is questioned or discarded?
How do cultural shifts, such as movements for social justice or environmental awareness, lead to the re-interpretation or dismissal of previously revered knowledge?
Technological advancements
How has the digital age, with its easy access to information, influenced the way we question and revise revered knowledge?
In what ways do advancements in technology, such as DNA analysis or AI, challenge long-standing scientific theories or historical narratives?
Most revered knowledge
What criteria determine whether a piece of knowledge becomes revered ?
Time?
Does time affect the piece of knowledge becoming revered or not?
Evidence?
What are the evidence needed?
Can the reverence of knowledge vary across different cultures or time periods?
How about cultures that are in the past vs the present?
How does the reverence of knowledge influence its teaching and transmission across generations?
Is it affected by stories, folklore and tales?
Can school teachings affect it?
RLE
ART
Revered
Past
Art had to follow some type or rules and you have to go to academies
Classic arts
Classical is the term generally used to refer to the style of the ancient Greek and Roman periods. However, classical art has been revived over the years in the form of Renaissance art, baroque style and neoclassicism. Yet, as all variations follow the principles of classical style, they remain examples of classicism.
Present
Anything can be arts
Modern arts
Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophies of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation. Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of art. A tendency away from the narrative, which was characteristic of the traditional arts, toward abstraction is characteristic of much modern art. More recent artistic production is often called contemporary art or Postmodern art.
NATURAL SCIENCE
Revered
Present
Germ Theory
The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory for many diseases. It states that microorganisms known as pathogens or "germs" can cause disease
Basic forms of germ theory were proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro in 1546, and expanded upon by Marcus von Plenciz in 1762. However, such views were held in disdain in Europe, where Galen's miasma theory remained dominant among scientists and doctors.
Their growth and reproduction within their hosts can cause disease. "Germ" refers to not just a bacterium but to any type of microorganism, such as protists or fungi, or other pathogens that can cause disease, such as viruses, prions, or viroids. Diseases caused by pathogens are called infectious diseases.
Past
Miasma Theory
The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century; it is no longer accepted as a correct explanation for disease by the scientific community.
It held that diseases such as cholera, chlamydia infection, or the Black Death were caused by a miasma (μίασμα, Ancient Greek: "pollution"), a noxious form of "bad air" emanating from rotting organic matter
The theory posited that diseases were the product of environmental factors such as contaminated water, foul air, and poor hygienic conditions. Such infections, according to the theory, were not passed between individuals but would affect those within a locale that gave rise to such vapors
HISTORY
The Changing Interpretation of Christopher Columbus
Revered Knowledge
Christopher Columbus was widely revered as a heroic explorer who "discovered" the Americas in 1492. His voyages were celebrated as a major historical achievement, and he was often depicted as a visionary who brought civilization to the New World.
Fragility and Revision
Historians and Indigenous groups have highlighted the devastating impact of Columbus’s voyages on Native American populations
violence, enslavement, and the spread of diseases that decimated indigenous communities
reevaluation of Columbus’s legacy, with some viewing him not as a hero but as a figure associated with colonialism and exploitation.
new perspectives and evidence can significantly alter our understanding of the past.
Present
While Columbus is still recognized for his historical significance, there is now a much greater emphasis on the negative consequences of his voyages, particularly the violence, enslavement, and diseases that devastated Indigenous populations in the Americas.
replace Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples' Day
The current understanding is based on the assumption that historical narratives must include multiple perspectives, especially those of marginalized or oppressed groups. This shift highlights the importance of acknowledging the full impact of historical events, not just the achievements of those who were traditionally celebrated.
Past
Christopher Columbus was widely revered as a pioneering explorer who "discovered" the Americas in 1492. He was celebrated as a heroic figure who brought European civilization to the New World. This narrative was upheld in history books, taught in schools, and commemorated with holidays like Columbus Day in the United States. Columbus was often portrayed as a visionary who overcame great odds to achieve a monumental feat in human history.
The reverence for Columbus was based on the assumption that his voyages were a triumph of exploration and that his arrival in the Americas was a positive, civilization-spreading event. This narrative largely ignored or downplayed the negative impacts of his expeditions on Indigenous populations.