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Childhood Cognition and Neurodevelopment - Coggle Diagram
Childhood Cognition and Neurodevelopment
Cognition and Neurodevelopment Stats
Intellectual disability
1-3% globally
Cognitive (IQ) and adaptive (Conceptual, social, practical)
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Autism spectrum
ADHD, dyslexia
Intellectual - Neurodevelopment
Cognitive ability
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
Gaussian distribution
2SD below mean of 100
Adaptive ability
Conceptual
Social
Practical
Neurodevelopmental disorders
ASD, ADHD, dyslexia, dyscalculia
ASD
Social interaction, communication, restricted or a repetitive patterns of thought and behaviour
+/- intellectual disability
Recognise Early Childhood Presentation
Most severe
Present with delays across all developmental domains
Early motor impairment - most obvious
Delayed motor milestones
Most Common
Presents in relatively abled bodied children with recognised speech and language delay
Child Development
Communication
Expression vs comprehension
Verbal vs non verbal
Verbal - early milestones
Non verbal - gesture, joint communication (initiation and respobse), eye contact (communicative)
Play
Functional
10-12 months
Symbolic / pretend
12-18 months
Imaginative
3rd yr
Behaviour
Adaptive
Conceptual
Social
Practical
Sensory
Exessive interests or aversion
Sensory aspects of toys
Food (white food only, dry food only)
Environment (noise, light, texture)
Repetitive / restrictive
ASD
Clinical Features
Delayed or lack of pointing
Move carer's hand again
Delayed speech
Lack of response to name
Poor eye contact
Delayed and disordered play development
Repetitive play
Lack of imagination
Not interacting with other children
Strong dislike for routine change
Motor mannerisms
Hand flapping
Jumping
Sensory Symptoms
Environment
Textures
Sensory seeking behaviour
Paly with water / sand / touching hair or skin
Food
Regression
Loss or regression of language skills
90th percentile of head circumference
Definition
Autism is a
neurodevelopmental
condition characterized by
qualitative
impairment in social interaction and communication as well as repetitive stereotyped behaviour, interests, and activities
Clinical Hx
How does your child ask for something
What do they understand
What do they play with
Do they show you things just to share interest or only to get help
Do they point / wave bye-bye
Clinical Assessment
Hx
Informed and targeted hx combined with informal observation should support an accurate impression of the neurodevelopmental probelm
Should include standard backgrund infor
Birth
Family
Social hx
Physical Exam
Growth and head circumference (and parental FC)
Skin - neurocutaneous disorders (NF1)
System examinations - syndromic
As standard including:
Parallel Aproach To Management
Refer for assessment and intervation
MDT
SLT, OT, psychology, MSW
Further detailed assessment of profile
Targeted intervention
Educational placement
Consider and Investigate Aetiology
Genetics
CGH microarray
Triplet repeats (fragile X)
Whole exome - trio
Imaging - MRI
Low yield
Metabolic testing
If there are metabolic red flags
Manage Co-Morbidities
Nutrition
Impact of sensory preferences and aversions
Sleep
Commonly disordered in ASD
