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IMMUNITY IN HUMANS
GROUP 5:
Khaira, Aini, Audra, Joshua, Afie - Coggle…
IMMUNITY IN HUMANS
GROUP 5:
Khaira, Aini, Audra, Joshua, Afie
Body Defence
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Second line defence
-consist fever,phagocytosis and inflammation
-not specific
○fever increases phagocytic activity
○phagocytosis trap and digest dead cell and microorganism
○inflammation,immediate response that destroys harmful actions of micorganisms(early stage infection)
Third Line Defence
- Activated if second line of defence fails
- involves immune response by the lymphocyte cells
- lymphocytes accumulate in the lymph nodes and swell
types of lymphocytes
1) T lymphocyte cells
~ attacks the cells infected by pathogen
~ Stimulate B lymphocyte cells
to divide and form plasma & memory B cells
2) B lymphocyte cell
~ produce antibodies that are specific (antibodies weaken the pathogens)
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Types Of Immunity
Active Immunity
- happens when an antigen stimulate the body to produce antibodies
- antibodies are produced naturally
- remain for a long period
Natural Active Immunity
~ obtained from the antibodies produced by lymphocytes after recovery
~ lymphocyte cells will produce antibodies rapidly against the antigen because of the memory cells
~ ex; an individual who has recovered from influenza & chicken pox
Artificial Active Immunity
~ obtained through immnunisation
~ immunisation is a process of obtaining immunity by injecting a vaccine into the body
~ vaccine contains weakened or dead pathogens
~ex; HPV vaccine and BCG Vaccine 
Passive Immunity
• the body does not produce its own antibodies
• antibodies are obtained from an external source
• does not persist and can only give immediate, short-term and temporary protection
Artificial Passive Immunity
~ obtained through antiserum or serum injections that contain antibodies that are produced by other individuals
~ exp; antitetanus, antirabies
Natural Passive Immunity
~ obtained from antibodies that are produced by the mother through placenta or mother's milk (colostrum)
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