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Epidemiologic Measures: 4 types, Incidence Rate: The rate of development…
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Incidence Rate: The rate of development of a disease in a group over a certian time period; this period of time is included in the denominator including 1) a numerator 2) a denominator and 3) time (Friis & Sellers, 2021).
Incidence Rate=Number of new cases over a time period/Total population at risk during the same time periodX100000
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Attack rate: An alternative form of the incidence rate that is used when the nature of a disease or condition is such that a population is observed for a short time period. The attack rate is calculated by the formula ill/(ill + well) × 100 (during a time period). The attack rate is not a true rate because the time dimension is often uncertain (Friis & Sellers, 2021).
Proportion* “a type of ratio in which the numerator is part of the denominator" (Friis & Sellers, 2021). Proportion=A/(A+B)X100
Prevalence: the number of existing cases of a disease or health condition in a population at some designated time (Friis & Sellers, 2021). My Example: 51684 COVID death cases in 2023
Point Prevalence: Number of cases of illness in a group or population at a point in time divided by the total number of persons in that group or population.
Point prevalence=number of persons ill/total number in the group (at a point in time) (Friis & Sellers, 2021). My Example: COVID Deaths in 2023/Death from all causes 51684/2152651=0.02400946553
Period Prevalence: Number of cases of illness during a time period divided by the average size of the population. Period Prevalance= number of persons ill/average population (during a timer period) (Friis & Sellers, 2021). My Example: COVID death cases in 2023 compared to USA population 51684/334,914,895=0.0001543198*
My Example- Proportion of cases of COVID vs all causes 2020-2023 all ages (Deaths by Select Demographic and Geographic Characteristics, 2020)
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References
Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2021). Epidemiology For Public Health Practice (6th ed.). Jones and Bartlett Learning.
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