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Lower Limb Joints - Coggle Diagram
Lower Limb Joints
The Knee
What bones make up the knee joint? What types of actions are possible at the knee joint? What muscles carry out these actions? What is the innervation of these muscles?
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Describe the mechanism for locking and unlocking the knee joint.
Injuries
What is the unhappy, or terrible triad of knee injuries? (Check Moore’s clinical oriented anatomy blue box). What type of trauma results in this condition? How do you test for this condition?
Answer:
The unhappy triad, also known as the O'Donoghue triad, refers to a severe knee injury involving three specific structures:
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear
- Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Tear
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What is the suprapatellar bursa of the knee joint? Does this bursa communicate with the synovial cavity of the knee joint?
The Hip
What bones make up the hip joint? What actions are possible at the hip joint? What muscles carry out these actions? What is the innervation of these muscles?
Ligaments
List the ligaments that support the hip joint and outline the specific function of each ligament. Which ligaments prevent hyperextension of the hip joint during standing? Which ligaments prevent hyperabduction of the hip joint?
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Outline the blood supply to the hip joint.
Injuries
What population does a hip fracture usually occur in? What structure is most often fractured? What consequences does this type of injury have for the blood supply to the hip joint?
Does the hip joint more commonly dislocated anteriorly or posteriorly?
Ankle
Ligaments
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What are the major ligaments on the plantar surface of the foot? What is the function of each?
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Joints
What is the transverse tarsal joint? What types of actions are possible here? What muscles are responsible for these movements?
Foot Arches
What are fallen arches? Dysfunction of which anatomical structures can contribute to this condition?