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Lymphatic System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - lymph nodes produce antigen-stimulated lymphocytes
- - - - These substances are labeled "Lymphatic Loads" (A term created by Foldi)
        
        Lymphatic loads consist of
        
        Proteins
        
        Cells
        
        Fat (OR long-chain fatty acids)
        
        Water
  - - - And flows into the aorta
        
        From there, arterial flow continues via arteries, arterioles, and precapillary arterioles into...
        
        blood capillaries
        
        Blood flow then continues back to the heart via post-capillary venules, venules, more prominent veins, and the vena cava into the...
        
        Venules
        
        R. atrium of the heart
        
        1 more item...
        
        are covered by a basal membrane
        
        Which is semi-permeable
        
        Water, nutrients, O2, and CO2 will pass through the basal membrane of the blood capillaries BUT
        
        1 more item...
        
        Water and proteins are picked up from the blood capillaries
        
        And become Lymphatic Load
        
        Where O2, nutrients, and other substances are filtered into the interstitial spaces and CO2, and waste products are returned into the blood capillaries
        
        How do these substances become a Lymphatic Load (LL)?
        
        WATER
        
        2 more items...
        
        PROTEIN
        
        6 more items...
        
        Lymphatic load refers to the total amount of substances that need to be drained and processed by the lymphatic system
        
        1 more item...
        
        Manage the transfer of nutrients and pick up waste products for the entire body
        
        Water and proteins are obtained from the blood capillaries
      - Arterial blood leaves the left ventricle and goes into the...
  - - - and sweeps or filters the interstitial spaces
- - - - Made up of several collectors that run adjacently
      - separated by watersheds
      - usually do NOT cross watersheds
      - Territories on the Trunk
        
        Four territories called Quadrants
        
        Upper Quadrants
        
        Drain into the axillary lymph nodes
        
        Lower quadrants
        
        Drain into the inguinal lymph nodes
        
        Collectors for each territory originate at the watersheds and run towards the lymph nodes
      - Above Upper Horizontal Watershed
        
        Drains into Cervical Lymph Nodes
  - - - runs on a line between the apex of the sternum, the collar bone, acromion, and spine of the scapula
    - - runs in the middle of the body, separating head, neck and torso into L and R sides
    - - runs on a line between the umbilicus, lower limitation of the rib cage, and 12th thoracic vertebrae
    - - begins at top of the vertical gluteal fold continues to the middle of the glutes and ends at the popliteal fossa
- - - - 42% develop some degree of lymphedema 1 year post-op and 50-75% some incidence of lymphedema 5 years post op
- - - - BUNDLES
        
        Collectors run parallel to watersheds on the extremities
        
        HAND BUNDLES
        
        Lymph collectors orignate in the center of the palm
        
        travel towards the dorsum of the hand
        
        Continue on the posterior forearm
        
        FOREARMS BUNDLES
        
        Continuation of the hand bundles
        
        There are 3
        
        Radial Forearm
        
        Ulnar forearm
        
        Medial Forearm
        
        Wrap around the forearm and converge in the antecubital fossa
        
        MEDIAL UPPER ARM TERRITORIES
        
        Continuation of bottleneck collectors that run to axillary lymph nodes
        
        Located between the biceps and the triceps
        
        LATERAL UPPER ARM TERRITORY
        
        Important area to decongesting upper arm
        
        Drains into axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes
        
        CEPHALIC BUNDLE
        
        Drains into axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes
        
        Presents an additional drainage pathway for lymphatic fluid from the upper extremity, bypassing the axillary lymph nodes
        
        Around the deltoid around the back of the body
- - - - At this point lymph is now part of the Deep Lymphatic System
      - Pelvic Lymph Nodes responsible for drainage of the internal organs, ovaries, testicles, uterus, and prostate
        
        From here lymph travels to the Lumbar Lymph Nodes
        
        Lumbar Lymph Nodes are located next to the vertebral column
- - - - Has an average of 15 collectors
      - Drains the
        
        plantar surface of the feet
        
        Medial malleolus
        
        Dorsum of foot
        
        lower leg
      - Bottlenecks - where the lymph collectors decrease in number
        
        Behind medial femoral condyle
        
        Then number of collectors increase again, heading to the inguinal lymph nodes
    - - Has an average of 6 collectors
      - Drains
        
        Lateral malleolus
        
        And a narrow strip on the heel following the Achilles tendon, along the calf to the popliteal fossa
- - - - WHY?
        
        Too invasive to do so
        
        PARASTERNAL NODES are deep
  - - - Mestastass or radiation in the axilla or supraclavicular lymph nodes may affect the brachial plexus
        
        Causing paresthesia, pareses or paralysis in the upper extremity
- - - - These inlet valves close once the pressure inside rises to prevent backflow
        
        The lymphatic capillaries are stabilized by anchoring filaments which help them stay open during tissue swelling, ensuring efficient fluid entry
        
        This fluid, now lymph carries lymphatic loads and is transported through the lymphatic system
      - Are more dense on the palms of the hands
- - - - Borders of the lateral cervical triangle
        
        Anterior Sternocleidomastoid
        
        Posterior: Upper Traps
        
        Inferior: Clavicle
    - - also known as lymph node chains
        
        Accessory chain
        
        drains into supraclavicular chain
        
        then into the supraclavicular trunk
        
        Before reaching the L and R venous angles
        
        Jugular chain
        
        Supraclavicular Chain
        
        They drain into
        
        The L or R venous angle
- - - - Occipital
        
        Location
        
        Between splenius capitis and skull
        
        Drains
        
        Posterior scalp
        
        Muscles and ligaments of head/neck
        
        skin of upper neck
        
        Facets 1-3
      - Retro-Auricular
        
        Location
        
        on the mastoid process
        
        Drains
        
        parietal scalp and skin of posterior ear
      - Pre-Auricular, or Parotid
        
        Location
        
        Embedded in parotid glands
        
        Drains
        
        Forehead
        
        Upper eye lid
        
        Lower lateral eye lid
        
        Skin of the anterior ear
      - Submandibular
        
        Location
        
        Embedded in salivary glands
        
        Posterior to mandible
        
        Drains
        
        middle of lower lip and chin?
        
        Tend to be large with chronic ear/nose/sinus infections
      - Submental
        
        Drain
        
        Middle of lower lip and chin