The reading discusses the idea that emotions are universal and innate, as they are shared by many cultures worldwide. However, the lecturer casts doubt on this view, stating that many other affective scientists believe emotions are learned. He refutes the claim that people worldwide feel the same emotions, citing examples of Japanese words for feeling indebted and connected to others, which exist in Japan because the culture values the group, and the study of British and African emotions being flawed. He also cites research about certain Eskimo cultures, where they do not express anger due to living in close and harsh conditions, leading to the conclusion that emotions are learned.
