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Systems, Exchange &
Stimulus Response, (), \ :, , - Coggle Diagram
Systems, Exchange &
Stimulus Response
Scientific Method
Hypothesis
Should be/have
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Variables (Independent, dependent)
Example
Plants with fewer stomatal pores will survive better in drought than plants with more stomatal pores as water is lost through stomata
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Variables
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Dependent: one thing affected by the IV that you measure to use as evidence that the hypothesis is either correct or incorrect.
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Exchange Surfaces
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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After leaving the stomach, food is broken down by intestinal and pancreatic juices (containing enzymes) and bile from the gall bladder
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ALVEOLI
The alveoli provide the exchange surface in the lungs. Alveoli pick up oxygen by inhalation and release waste product, carbon dioxide through exhalation.
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During exhalation, carbon dioxide in the bloodstream diffuses through into the alveoli due to the high concentration in the blood compared to the alveoli
NEPHRON
Regulates the concentration of water and soluble substances by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.
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GLOMERULUS: Blood is filtered through the walls of these capillaries into the Bowman's capsule.
The cells and proteins remain in the blood.
BOWMAN'S CAPSULE: Most of the water and dissolved substances (filtrate) pass into the capsule.
This filtrate then passes into a long tubule to the loop of Henle.
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Vitamins, minerals and water are reabsorbed until the required level is reached.
The urea and excess water, minerals and vitamins remain in the tubule.
CAPILLARIES
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During inhalation, oxygen diffuses through the capillaries into the bloodstream because concentration gradient goes from alveoli to blood
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KIDNEYS
Remove wastes, maintain correct osmotic pressure in the blood (water balance) and correct levels of minerals & vitamins
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REABSORPTION
Vitamins, minerals and water are reabsorbed until the required level is reached
The urea and excess water, minerals and vitamins remain in the tubule
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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
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Large surface area: many small structures, increases the number of sites for exchange
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