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AAST 355, In Search of Asian American Cinema Screenshot 2024-10-10 150205 …

- - - - Originally, when Ana May Wong died, she was portrayed more by her works as a villain, as noted by the media for describing her as the "dragon lady".
      - Anna May Wong was also originally sexualized for the Asian women stereotypes such as "lotus blossom" or "butterfly"
      - Anna May Wong's role in depicting Asian woman in film as being more powerful and antagonistic was a contrast to previous works in which they were portrayed as being submissive and subservient to the white man.
      - Criticized Hollywood's attempt to make her a minor character while casting European ethnic actors as Asian characters in "yellowface" makeup.
    - - "Why should we [screen Chinese] always scheme, rob, kill? I got so weary of it all - of the scenarist's concept of Chinese characters" (28)
      - Anna May Wong utilized additional media outlets, as well her community through fan magazines to speak out about the treatment of Asian Americans in Hollywood. In the end, Anna May Wong's legacy is one of challenging the derogatory stereotypes that Asian Americans faced early on in films, paving the way for more positive representations in the future.
      - Extended her career to more than just silent films
      - In films, no one ever kissed her characters since the ending of the romance always led in her character's suicide.
  - - - Scarlett Johansson was rumored to have CGI be used on her in 2015 to make her look asian the the manga series Ghost in the Shell.
      - Framed as an excuse since there was a lack of Asian American representation in Hollywood.
      - Yellowface was also an opportunity of African American and other nonwhite actors to be taken more seriously and raise their own statuses.
      - Used in a technical sense to actually create the effect, politically to exclude Asian Americans, and artistically to create fictional depictions of Asian Americans.
    - - Showcases how although the term does exist, due to the invisibility of Asian Americans, this leads to even the acknowledgement to be disregarded.
    - - Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, 1862 Anti-Coolie Act, but began to relax after WWII.
      - Although Asians were excluded, fictional Asians were popular onstage and onscreen (8).
        
        Led to the depiction of Asians as suspicious and undesireable.
  - - - Indian Accents were emphasized within films by non Indian actors
      - Dave argues that the brownface is rooted in the history of British imperialism and colonialism in India.
      - Peter Sellers plays Hrundi Bakshi through dark brown makeup, and depicts him as comedic relief through his accent and physical awkwardness.
      - Brownface performances of Indians depicted them as the threat to the status quo who needed to be defeated. (34)
    - - Perpetuates narratives of Indians as either impoverished, mystical, or treacherous (23).
      - After decolonization, films portrayed educated brown individuals as equals to Europeans, but only if they were portrayed by a white actor (28)
- - - - Could also be to portray her as exotic and sexually desirable.
  - - - The yellow dye was used to make flesh tones stand out from the sky and the sea when movies were in black and white
      - "Association with exotic spectacles and ornamentalism" (292)
      - Technicolor No. II was first used in the The Toll of the Sea by mixing two colors to create a flesh tint.
  - - - 0:49 - 1:40: Hirishu and Richard are depicted in similar lighting. However eerie music starts playing during the scene and Hirishu appears angry. This alludes to the future branding which shows Hirushu (Asian men) as being very possessive, aggressive, and predatory.
      - Stems from Genghis Khan and the Mongolian invasions
      - Attributes to the notion all nonwhite people are inferior in all ways to whites and need their guidance
    - - Ideas of either Asian women attempting to seduce the white man, or the Asian man being the villain to the white woman (Pg 3)
      - Asian-White sexual liaisons are also portrayed where the white individual is the dominating figure.
      - "What Edward W. Said has described in Orientalism as 'a Western style for dominating restructuring, and having authority over the Orient'." (Pg 6)
    - - The Asian lover would give up his or her culture to be assimilated into the American nuclear family (8)
- - - - "Queer Asian North Americans exploring their identities as racial and sexual minorities cannot necessarily expect support from their biological families"
- - - - Contributed since Asian American were seen as robotic
    - - Chan is Missing depicted Asian American communities as the representation of the viewers lives
      - Better Luck Tomorrow began to challenge the model minority stereotypes that were the expectation of many Asian American films when the main characters dabble into criminal activities and murder
        
        "was a leap forward from the days when Asian American filmmakers bore the burden of representation" (3)
      - Everything Everywhere All At Once embraces the "weirdness and emotional layers of family and love" (4)
    - - "If there is an Asian American soul, it is there in that reflection in the water, ever changing, but always visible if you know where to look" (4)
- - - - "Ward tried to plead that it was only a TV show, but Lee ignored him.. "Lucky it is a TV Show" 57
      - "But the bottom line was that the networks did not want to project a Chinese guy as the main hero" (58)
      - Oppressed groups during the 1960s created the "Third World" in order to unite their struggles.
        
        "Yellow power and black power must be two independently powerful, joint forces within the Third World revolution to free all exploited and oppressed people of color" (60)
      - "Since Asians formed only a small population of the United States ... an alliance with the oppressed working class seemed the only avenue for the 'survival of Asians'". (62)
      - The United States failure on the Tet offensive caused young Asian Americans to cease the feeling of stereotypical submissiveness (63).
    - - The rise of Chinese communism contributed to the negative stereotyping of Asian Americans
      - Kungfu was seen as one of those negative stereotypes and it was attributed to the fear of communism (Kevin's Coggle Map)
      - Black representatives attacked China's communism while defending the U.S. record on civil rights (69)
- - - - (28:27) Robert also states that he like Suzie before he even asks for her name. This demonstrates that he only sees her as a sex tool.
  - - - Additionally to depict undesirability within Asian women
  - - - From Margaret Cho, Asian/American women cannot but live through their racial sexualization (17)
      - These representations are fueled by moral panic or irrational fear, and exemplifies subservience (18)
    - - Filipinos were depicted as mail order or pen pal brides (17 -18)
    - - Running and hiding from sex does not solve how hypersexual images can be framed (20).
      - "If Asian American woman cannot be imaged outside of sex, her self-formation must occur in terms of redefining sex"
    - - "Acknowledge images of Asian women as perversely and pathologically sexual in Western cinema and from there argue that the condemnation of non normative sexuality ... do not sufficiently capture the political possibility raised in watching race and sex on screen" (21)
      - Productive Pervasity Identifying with 'bad' images to expand racial agendas beyond the need to establish normalcy and standardization
      - Develop media literacy for understanding how sexuality and race shape the ideology today.
    - - Anna May Wong plays the slave girl, decries about it in the media, but the redeploys that role (96)
      - Passionate attachment - one desires one's own subordination in order to persist as a subject (97)
- - - - Straightjacket Sexuality Asian American men reject the idea of "macho" men in favor for being caring for others.
      - Asian American men ranked at the bottom of desirability according to race. (126)
      - Intimacy is perceived as threatening to Asian American male subjectivity. (127)
      - "there is suspicion among Asian American men somehow that the choice as to whether the new person in your life is going to be a lover or friend is somehow contingent upon race" (127)
      - Asian American men are seen as feminine due to platonic friendships rather than sexual relations with Asian women (128)
  - - - Study groups are a way for them to get out of the house at 4 in the morning (12:01)
- - - - Saw it as a traumatic event.
    - - Filipinos didn't notice a "generation gap" unlike works such as Everything Everywhere All At Once.
- - - - 51:28-51:35. Changez tells Lincoln that his side was picked for him after 9/11, while Lincoln actively made a choice. This demonstrates that in Changez's mind, his identity as a Muslim puts him at odds with the environment in the United States.
- - - - Highlights that unity that the murder of Vincent Chin brought the Asian American groups.
- - - - "Most refugees in the world experience their condition as refugees indefinitely" (113)
    - - "what we know of as refugee can be more ontologically fluid" (117)