Mark, Sydney, Sadie (Group 5)

Parasympathomimetic Stimulate PANS!

Sympathomimetic Stimulate SANS!

Sympatholytic

FUNCTION: mimics responses of parasympathetic nervous system (REST & DIGEST)

Function

Cholinergic agonists are drugs that mimic the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that controls many organ and gland functions in the parasympathetic nervous system. These drugs stimulate acetylcholine receptors, which produces a parasympathetic-type effect.

Sympatholytic drugs

Anti-Andrenergic Antagonist (BLOCKS EFFECT) Cholinergic effects: make the heart beat slower and with less force, relaxes blood vessels. All these actions lead to a decreased blood pressure. Used to treat hypertension + anxiety

Decrease norepinephrine secretion at the post ganglionic synapse / Increase ACh secretion

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Adrenergic antagonists + sympathetomimetics have similar affects

Increase GI activity

Constrict pupils

Bronchoconstriction

Decrease heart rate and blood pressure

Examples: beta blockers

Dental implications

Cholinergic adverse reactions

SLUD: Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defacation

Increased salivary flow - good for reducing caries risk

Can be used to combat dental anxiety - Ex: propranolol to reduce heart rate and blood pressure

Inhibit sympathetic nerve impulses / increase parasympathetic activity

Work to reduce symptoms of anxiety and inhibit the sympathetic division of the ANS

Increased salivary flow

Contracts bladder / relaxes rectum

Rest and digest

Function: mimics responses of sympathetic nervous system (FIGHT or FLIGHT)

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Drugs that affect:

Adrenergic Agonists(CAUSES EFFECT) response causes an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate, as well as constricted blood vessels and larger pupils

Parasympatholytic----refers to a substance or activity that reduces the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. It can also be called an anticholinergic

DENTAL IMPLICATIONS

DRUG INTERACTIONS

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FUNCTIONS

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Drugs that affect

Dry mouth: By increasing saliva production
Glaucoma: By lowering pressure in the eye
Alzheimer's disease: By increasing acetylcholine levels and neural cell function

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amphetamine (Evekeo) stimulant drugs that speed up messages between your brain and your body. Amphetamines treat conditions like ADHD and narcolepsy.

benzphetamine (Didrex)
weight reduction in obese patients. This medicine works by suppressing your appetite.

Cevimeline
A muscarinic agonist that can treat dry mouth in patients with Sjögren's Syndrome


Pilocarpine
A naturally occurring alkaloid that can treat some eye disorders, such as glaucoma. It's also a potent muscarinic stimulant that can affect glandular tissue, like the salivary glands.

Dry mouth
Anticholinergic drugs can directly affect the secretion rates of the minor salivary glands, which are driven by parasympathetic influence

Cholinergic drugs and anticholinesterase agents: Bethanechol should not be used at the same time as other cholinergic drugs or anticholinesterase agents.

Sympathomimetic amines: Quinidine, procainamide, adrenaline (epinephrine), and other sympathomimetic amines can antagonize the effects of bethanechol.

Antihistamines, neuroleptics, and quinidine

Antidepressants like amitriptyline, nortriptyline, paroxetine, fluoxetine, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) can enhance the anticholinergic effect.

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Parasympatholytic drugs interact with BSA, but the association is relatively weak)

-nicotinic or muscarinic receptors
-Act as an anticholinergic agent

-Antagonist-
Blocks /decreases the parasympathetic response

-P- (blocks PANS)

-Similar to adrenergic effect