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Ancient civilizations Pirogue_running_on_the_Mekong_at_golden_hour…
Ancient civilizations
Mesopotamia
location:the author wrote that at first there wasn't a name for the region but later the Greeks named in Mesopotamia meaning "between the rivers".Also we know that "Mesopotamia was the birthplace of writing as well as many other inventions and discoveries in the world.". Modern Iraq is where Mesopotamia used to be located. (Steele 6)
Architecture:A ziggurat represents a mountain. The author stated "A lasting symbol of Ancient Mesopotamia is the ziggurat". The ziggurat of ur was for the moon god.
writing:In the text it states that early hunters and nomads did not use writing. The author stated that "By around 3300 BCE the citizens of uruk were using about 700 different symbols." They are made by sticking a stylus into soft clay.(Steele 12)
art:It said in the text that they mastered crafts early into their history. It also said that "Sometime before 3500 BCE, they invented the potter's wheel".It finally said that women would weave cloth from wool, then linen,then finally cotton.(Steele 28)
Government:In the text it said ¨The reigns of each dynasty were recorded on clay tablets. ¨ The text also said kings claimed to rule because of the gods. They were also supposed to be brave military commanders and build great cities. (Steele page 10)
religion:The text says that they were polytheistic, meaning that they believed in more than 1 God. The author also stated that "They believed that the stars traveling across the night sky were the cows of Sin or Nanna, the Horned Moon God". It finally states that Enki,the god of water and wisdom, was thought to live underground in an ocean called Apsu.(Steele 14)
writing:The author stated that Hieroglyphics were used to write. In the text it also said that ¨ They could be written from left to right, right to left, or top to bottom¨. A scribe is someone who learned to write early in their life.(Hart 34)
government:Ancient Egypt was divided into a social pyramid. Pharaohs were at the top. In the text it said ¨He was thought to be a god. He was known as the pharaoh ¨ (Steele 10)
location:The author wrote that on the banks of the Nile lived the Egyptians. This land was named Kemet or the Black land because it was covered by rich dark silt. The author stated in the text that ¨On the banks of the nile the desert covers more than 90% of egypt.¨ (Hart 8)
art:Scribes had to be experts in writing. It could be written in any direction. In the text it said ¨It was often used for legal documents¨ (Steele 34)
religion:In the text it stated that they were polytheistic.The author stated that ¨Many of the gods are represented by animals.¨ They worshipped hundreds of gods.
Architecture:The first pyramid was for a burial. It is called the Step Pyramid. In the text it said ¨ Some later kings had step pyramids too ¨ (Steele 20)
Ancient China
writing:On page 11 it says that the shang kings used oracle bones to speak with ancestors. The oracle bones are made from ox bones or tortoiseshells. It was scorched until it cracked and the cracks answered important evidence.(Cotterell 11)
architecture/technology:On page 22, it said that some of the greatest inventions came from China. Emperors encouraged development of technology.Many Chinese inventions were carried along the silk road . (Cotterell 22)
art:On page 56, it says china is renowned for its art. Artisans were people who made art. Artisans were well thought of. (Cotterell 56)
religion:In the text it said that Confucius believed that the early years of the Zhou dynasty were golden. While alive he only saw growing disorder. He said that Force should be a last resort for rulers. (Cotterell 12)
Government:In the text it said that "in 221 B.C. the Chinese empire was formed". Zheng was the first emperor. Zheng thought that he would become immortal. (Cotterell 16)
trading:In the text it said that merchants were permitted to trade freely through the mongol empire. The mongol empire controlled the entire silk road. The social position of merchants in Mongol temporarily improved. (Cotterell 58)
Location:In the text is said that China is the world's oldest continuous civilization. It was united under a single empire. Mountains and deserts cut off china from other Indian cultures. (Cotterell 40)
Ancient India
Writing: "One of the most confusing aspects of this ancient civilization is that the writing cannot be deciphered." More than 400 symbols have been discovered. Scholars have wondered if this is part of a writing system. (
https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/3300-bc-1500-bc-indus-river-valley-civilization/writing
)
Religion: In religion of Ancient India believed whatever higher or lower status is the rank you are in. In the text it said "The caste system began because the Aryans had four social classes, which they called varnas." This mean that the caste system believed whatever rank you had. (
https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/1500-bc-aryans
)
Location:In the text it said that about 5,000 years ago, a civilization settled on the Indus river is South Asia. "Over time, a vast number of settlements were built on the banks of the Indus River and surrounding areas." The Indus valley was rich with fertile soil. (
https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/3300-bc-1500-bc-indus-river-valley-civilization/location
)
Government: The government of Ancient India was the caste system. The caste system involved: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Sudra, Dalits. In the text it said "The Aryan civilization had a large impact on modern-day India society."(
https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/1500-bc-aryans
)
Architecture/technology: In the text It said "
The people within the Indus Valley created well-planned cities." People during this time cared deeply about hygiene. The early cities showed the first sanitation system.(
https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/3300-bc-1500-bc-indus-river-valley-civilization/architecutretechnology
)
