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SAND TIGER SHARKS THREATS AND SOLUTIONS MAP , Screenshot 2024-09-09…
SAND TIGER SHARKS THREATS AND SOLUTIONS MAP
Invasive species and competition
Human
Over Fishing
commercial fisheries use them for their fins, meat, liver oil, skin, teeth and jaws as trophies
Population decrease, less offspring are produced, number of total sharks decline
Recreational Fishing
sport fishing, spear fishing etc > Sharks can swallow the hooks and can develop an infection and die.
marine pollution
Habitat environmental destruction
predation by larger sharks
Juvenile sand tiger sharks are vulnerable by larger sharks
Great white, tiger, shortfin mako and bull sharks
killer whales
larger size
Have ability to overpower the shark.
Climate change and extreme weather
EFFECT
Coastal erosion
loss of habitat, sharks will be left with no home
ocean current change
loss of food source. This will force the sand tiger shark to go to deeper water to hunt for food
migration disruption
sea level rises
loss of breeding ground
CAUSES
plastic wastes
marine animals mistakens plastice wases as food
Deforestations
no mangrove causes flooding
Temperateure increases
Fossil fuels
70% of greenhouse gas emission
Current measure
Awareness campaign
Habitat sancturay
Mangrove fostering which will act as a natural buffer against large waves
Restoration effort
After Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017, the Coral Restoration Foundation (CRF) intensified efforts to grow coral in nurseries. They replant nursery-grown corals onto degraded reefs, helping the ecosystem recover faster after storms.
Pollution and Environmental Degradation
Boats and other water vehicles
oils, paints, fuel and cleansers may spill into the ocean and contaminate the water
increases bacteria levels in the water
sealife can ingest chemicals and die, can also become covered in the oil and loose their ability to repel water
collision with vehicles
fishing gear such as packing straps, netting, line, rope etc can cause sharks to become entangled
Toxic Chemicals and Heavy Metals
dumping of chemicals in the oceans happened until 1970's and has caused a number of issues in Sharks including neurological disorders, structural damage to organs and gills, reduced fertility, developmental effects, and cancers (marinemegafauna.org, n.d)
Plastic Waste
discarded fishing gear causes sharks to become entangled
nylon nets
poor waste management of disposable packaging
ends up in the oceans by the wind and currents
sharks become entangled
ingest plastic and develop internal injuries, poisoned by chemicals absorbed by the plastic
can be malnorished as they feel full but some of the food ingested was plastic
suppressed reproduction
microplastics become ingested by filter feeders
Current Measures
beach clean ups
From 1 November 2022, the supply of certain plastic items including plastic single-use cutlery is banned in NSW
single use plastic bag bans
education outreach
Habitat Loss & Fragmentation
clearing for development
land degradation + erosion > shorelines degrade + is polluted with soil > water quality is lower > poorer quality of life
Pollution
oil spills, rubbish > leads to the degradation of the reefs
less fish and wildlife inhabit the area
The sharks have to swim further to find food
Current Measures
conservation and repairation of the reefs
Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA) have listed the species as protected and thus cannot be fished. There is a variety of mitigation measures including:
ban on wire traces
a ban on shark finning
a requirement for line cutters
a limit on the retention of migratory shark species
Education outreach
Climate Change
increased water temperatures cause coral bleaching and degradation of the reefs
