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Antibacterial - Coggle Diagram
Antibacterial
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
30S
A-Site
Tetracyclines (bacteriostatic)
Tetacycline
Nephrotoxicity (Fanconi)
Doxycycline
Indications: Malaria prophylaxis
Minocycline
Adverse: Hepatotoxicity
Demeclocycline
Adverse: Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Tigecycline
Indications
MRSA
VRSA
Anaerobic
MOA
Reversibly bind 30s
prevent tRNA binding to mRNA
Resistance
Increased efflux by active transport
Altered Ribosomal binding
Interactions:
Al+, Ca+, Fe+
Indications
Gram+/-
Chalmydia
Rickettsia
Acne
Cholera
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Malaria
Adverse:
Teeth Discoloration
Avoid in pregnancy
Photosensitization
D or P Site
Aminoglycosides: Bactericidal (G- Bacilli)
P-Site
Streptomycen sp Source
Stretomycin
Streptomycin + Tetacycline
Indications: Brucellosis
Streptomycin + anti-TB drugs
Indications: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Toramycin
Indications
Pseudomonas in Cystic Fibrosis
Neomycin
Indications
Hepatic encephalopathy
Preoperative bowel surgery
Micromonospora sp. source
Gentamicin
Indications (Gentamicin)
Brucellosis
Gentamycin + Ampicillin/Vancomycin
Indications: Enterococcal infections
Gentamicin + Ampicillin
Indications: Listeria
Gentamicin + ceftazidime/pipercillin/tazobactam
Indications: Pseudomonas
Adverse: Nephrotoxicity + Ototoxicity (contraindicated in pregnancy
MOA
Irreversible bind P-Site. Block initiation complex
Misreading mRNA. Premature termination
Concentration-dependent
Post-antibiotic effect
Synergistic effect with penicillin or vancomycin
50S ccel at 50 (sell) MySIN (mycine) - Macrolids
Macrolides My 50 Sins (Mycin)
Cyto P450 Inhibitor
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Not Cyto P450 inhibitor
Azithromycin
Resistance: Methylation at 23 rRNA binding site
Choramphenicol
Clindamycin
Indications
Bacteroides Spp.
Clostridium p.
Staph Pl
Adverse
C. Diff
Fever
Diarrhea
Linezolid
Streptogramins
Dihydropteroate Synthase Inhibitor
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Topoisomerase Inhibitor
Topo II
Topo IV
Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
(Bactericidal + Time Dependent)
Beta-Lactam
(MOA: Bind PBP/inhibit transpeptidase)
Penicillins
Standard Penicillin (Renal Secretion)
Benzathine Penicillin (IM)
Penicillin G (IV/IM)
Indications
Spirochetes
Group A Staph (GAS)
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Penicillin V (oral)
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Penicillinase Resistant Penicillin
Methicillin
Adverse
Nephritis
Nafcillin
Indications
MSSA
Actinomyces
Clostridia perfringes
Adverse
Nephritis
Dicloxacillin
Oxacillin
Used for
MSSA
Extended Spectrum Penicillin (Gram+/-)
Amoxicillin (Oral)
Combinations
Co-Amoxiclav
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid
MOA: B-Lactamase/Penicillinase Inhibitor
Indications
H. Pylori
Ampicillin (IV)
Combinations
Ampicillin + Sulbactam
MOA: B-Lactamase/Penicillinase inhibitor
Indications
Listeria
Adverse
Superinfections
C. difficile
Anti-Pseudomonal Penicillin
Piperacillin
Combinations
Trazobactam + Piperacillin
MOA: B-Lactamase/Penicillinase Inhibitor
Indications
P. aeruginosa
Ticarcillin
Adverse
HSR-I
Anaphylaxis (IgE)
HSR-III
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
Immune Complex due to rapid lysis
seizures
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Cephalosporins
1st Generation
Indications
Gram +
streptococci
MSSA
Gram -
P. Mirabilis
E. Coli
Klebsiella
UTIs
Cellulitis
Pharyngitis
Drugs (Zo, Dro, Alex)
Oral
Ceph
alex
in
Cefa
dro
xil
Injection
Cefa
zo
line
Indication
Surgical Prophylaxis (MSSA)
Character
Does not enter CNS
2nd Generation
Indications
Gram -
H. influenza
Moraxella
Fragilis
Proteus
E. Coli
Klebsiella (H PEK)
Gram +
Strep
Staph
Anaerobes
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Drugs (Fox, Fur, Fac, Fot)
Oral
Ce
fur
oxime axetil
Ce
fac
lor
Injection
Ce
fox
itin
Ce
fot
etan
Adverse with Cefoperazone
Hypothrominemia
Disulfiram-like reactions with EtOH
Hypotension
Headaches
tachycardia
3rd Generation
Indication
Drugs
Oral
Cefpodoxime proxetil
Cefixime
Cefdinir
Injection
Cefo
tax
i
me
Indications
Meningitis
Acute pyelonephritis
Gonorrhea
Typhoid fever
Ceftri
axone
Indications
Gonorrhea
Menigitis
Acute pyelonephritis
Typhoid fever
Cefa
zid
i
me
indications
Fever in neutropenia
Pseudomonas
4th Generation
Cefepime
Indications
Gram +
Gram -
Pseudomonas
Meningitis
Resistant against
Plasmid and chromosomal Beta-Lactamase
5th Generation
Characteristics
Drugs
Ceftaroline
Indications
MRSA
Soft tissue infections
Community-acquired pneumonia
Adverse
penicillin cross-allergenicity
LOW possibility of nephrotoxicity
Carbapenems
Indications
ESBL Producing Bacteria
Intra-abdominal infections
UTI
Febrile Neutropenia
Gram +/-
Enterobacteriacae
Pseudomonas
Drugs
Imipenem
Adverse
Seizures/Renal Failure
Inactivated by Renal Dehydropeptidase
Cilastatin prevents Renal Dehydropeptidase
Doripenem
Meropenem
Ertapenem
characteristic
Not effective against Pseudomonas
Monobactam (aztreonam)
Features
Not Cross-reactive with Penicillins
Cross-reactivity with ceftazidime
Drugs
Aztreonam
Indications
Aerobic Gram - rods
Pseudomonas
Aminoglycoside allergic patients
Glycopeptides (below the waist)
Vancomycin
Indications
MRSA
Pneumonia
Osteomyelitis
C. Difficile (Oral)
MOA: D-Ala D-Ala
inhibits transglycosylase
Adverse
RedMan Syndrome
Histamine due to Rapid Injection
Nephrotoxicity
DRESS Syndrome
Fever
Lymphadenopathy With Eosinophilia
Resistance: D-ala D-Lac
Teicoplanin
Fosfomycin
Lipoglycopeptides
MOA: D-ala D-ala
Inhibit Transglycosylation reaction
Cell membrane + cell wall disrupter
Cell Membrane Inhibitors (Bactericidal)
Daptomycin (lipopeptide)
MOA: Depolarization of cell-loss of membrane potential
Indications
Gram Positive
VRSA: Endocarditis/Blood
VER
Adverse
Myopathy
Don't use in pneumonia
Polymyxins
MOA: Cationic polypeptides disrupt cell membrane due to detergent-like effect
Indications
P. aeruginosa
Acinetobacter
K. Pneumoniae
Adverse: Nephrotoxicity/Neurotoxicity