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Unit 2 : Evolution of Computer Systems :, RAFAEL JR. P. DELAROSO BSIT 2-D …
Unit 2 : Evolution of Computer Systems :
Types of Computers & its Applications
Analog
Analog computers are computers that measure physical quantity (i.e. that occurs in a
continuous flow) such as temperature, pressure, length and voltage variations etc. and
convert them to a numeric value.
Digital
Digital computer is a computer that performs calculations and logical operations with
quantities represented as digits, usually in the binary number system.
Hybrid
hybrid computer is an analog computer controlled by a digital computer instead of human
being.
Categories of Computers
personal computer is a computer that can perform all of its input, processing,
output, and storage activities by itself.
desktop computer is designed so that the system unit, input devices, output
devices, and any other devices fit entirely on or under a desk or table
mobile computer is a personal computer you can carry from place to place.
mobile device is a computing device small enough to hold in your hand
notebook computer, also called a laptop computer, is a portable, personal
computer often designed to fit on your lap.
Tablet PCs Resembling a letter-sized slate, the Tablet PC, or tablet computer, is a
special type of notebook computer that you can interact with by touching the screen with
your finger or a digital pen
Mobile devices, which are small enough to carry in a pocket, usually do not have disk
drives.
smart phone is an Internet-
enabled phone that usually also provides personal information management functions such
as a calendar, an appointment book, an address book, a calculator, and a notepad
1 more item...
game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or
multiplayer video games.
server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a
network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information.
mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or
thousands of connected users simultaneously
supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer — and the most
expensive.
embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a
component in a larger product.
Application of Computer System
Computers are primarily used to access the internet.
Computers are helpful in education. Various educational institutions are using
computers to educate the students.
Computers are being used in hospitals to keep record of patients and medicines.
Computers are also being used in government sectors e.g. Income Tax
Department, Sales Tax Department, Weather Forecasting etc. Aadhaar card, PAN
Card, Driving Licence are the best example of computer application in
government services.
Banking is totally dependent on computer systems. Online banking and use of
ATM machines also involved the computer systems.
Computer has a lot of business applications e.g. billing, maintaining employee
records, payroll calculations etc.
Computers are widely used in different fields of engineering e.g. civil
engineering, mechanical engineering, automobile engineering, industrial
engineering etc.
Computer systems are very much useful in defence field. Computers are largely
used in modern weapons and missile control system.
Computer systems are used in planes and ships.
Computer systems are also used in digital marketing and advertisements.
Computer Generations
(first generation) computer used vacuum tubes as the basic components for
memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit)
(second generation) computers replaced vacuum tube with transistors, thus the
size of the computers of second generation was decreased as compared to first generation
computers
(third generation) computers used the integrated circuits (IC). A single IC chip
may contain thousands of transistors, capacitors and resistors along with the associated
circuitry, called semiconductor
(fourth generation) computers used the microprocessor. They made the use of Very
Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits.
(Fifth generation) computers are based on artificial intelligence, are still in
development, and scientists are constantly working to increase the processing power of
computer
RAFAEL JR. P. DELAROSO BSIT 2-D