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In vivo Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibition attenuates alcohol-associated…

- - - - Corticosteroids have been the mainstay of AH therapy
        
        but they only provide survival benefits at 28 days and increase susceptibility to severe infections
  - - - the damaging effects of excessive neutrophil leukocyte infiltration in the liver predicting poor outcomes in human AH
        
        enhanced reactive oxygen species production and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation
        
        multiple signaling cascades involved in the activation, recruitment, and retention of neutrophils
        
        include a prominent role for non–receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs)
  - - - Mutations in the Btk gene
        
        resulting in complete loss of peripheral B cells and a consequent decrease in immunoglobulin production
        
        BTK expression is not restricted to B cells; it is also found in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and neutrophils
  - - - BTKis are now also in clinical trials in various autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases
        
        rheumatoid arthritis
        
        Notably, in neutrophils, BTK phosphorylation promotes their migration to inflammatory sites
        
        systemic lupus erythematosus
        
        multiple sclerosis
- - - - NIAAA mode
        
        Serum cytokine concentrations were measured including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor–α (TNFα) C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1)
        
        To assess whether the increase in circulating neutrophils was related to bone marrow hematopoietic cell activation