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3.1.2 Sustainable cities - Coggle Diagram
3.1.2 Sustainable cities
Importance of effective waste management
Correlation between waste generation volumes and income levels and urbanisation rates
(Non-hazardous waste) Associated problems in urban areas
LDCs
Due to high rates of urbanisation & pop. growth + ineffective management
Waste collection
Waste disposal (dumping)
Waste reusing
DCs
Due to high levels of consumption
Waste generation
Waste disposal (burning)
Waste reusing/recycling
Impact of waste on sustainable urban development
Economy
Industries
Tourism
Shipping
Aquaculture
Fishing
Housing
Government
Non-profit groups
Environment
Atmospheric
Geomorphic
Hydrological
Social
Local & regional scale
Human health
Emissions
Leachate
Quality of life
Global scale
Climate change
Circular economy
Reduce consumption of natural resources
Reuse materials taken from nature
Create minimal waste
Management strategies - successes & limitations
Waste reduction
Reusing
Taxation
Recycling
Product take-back programme (producer's responsibility)
Turning waste into resource
Holistic solutions
Reducing waste
Individual, local, national levels
Extracting value from organics
Recovering energy from municipal waste
Waste collection
Waste disposal
Landfills
Incineration
Importance of effective slum management
Why do slums develop?
Urbanisation & rapid pop. growth
caused by rural-urban migration
Better job prospects in urban areas
Better prospects of upward social mobility in urban areas
Forced migration in the name of development
Poor governance
Failure to incorporate the urban poor into urban planning
Unable to quickly respond to rapid urbanisation
Hostile approach to urbanisation
Poverty & lack of social services
Urban poverty
Low-income elderly who lack social protection from the government
Colonialism & segregation
Natural disasters
Reduced population
Destruction of economy
Mix of factors
Impact of the deprivations experienced by slum dwellers
Social
SDG 6,7
Lack of access to basic services e.g. clean water, sanitation & electricity
SDG 11
Poor housing conditions, overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure
SDG 3,4
Limited access to education & healthcare services
SDG 10,11
Social exclusion & discrimination
SDG 5,11
High levels of crime & violence
SDG 10
Increased inequality
Economic
SDG 1
Residents still in poverty
SDG 1,8
High levels of poverty, crime & violence
Poverty trap
Lack of job opportunities
Environmental
SDG 14,15
Environmental degradation & pollution
SDG 11,13
Exposure to natural & man-made hazards
Strategies to improve the lives of slum dwellers - Successes & limitations
Resettlement
Slum upgrading
Large-scale public housing
New Towns
Private sector initiative
Addressing slum economy
Importance of effective urban reimaging
Economic reasons
Compete with other cities for investment
Increase employment/business (esp. for locals)
Unlocking potential by creating start-ups (Economic Regeneration)
Increase revenue through tourism
Improve quality of life (social-economic)
Impact of urban reimaging
Economic
Urban reimaging strategies - Positives & negatives
Flagship projects
Culture-led regeneration
Cultural quarters
Community-focused cultural programmes
Recurring arts/cultural festivals
Tourism advertising & place promotion
Mega-events