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The Particulate Model of Matter - Coggle Diagram
The Particulate Model of Matter
Brownian Motion
Cause
Uneven bombardment on the particles by invisible molecules in air or water
Gives rise to the particulate model of matter
Matter is made up of tiny particles which are invisible to our naked eyes without the help of a microscope
Particles include
Atoms, molecules or ions
Particles possess kinetic energy
which causes them to
Be in constant and random motion
Amount of spaces in a substance is different when the substance is in different physical states
Motion of particles of a substance in physical states is different
Type of motion in all three physical states
Solid
Vibrate at their fixed positions only
Liquid
Vibrate and move about freely in confined spaces
Gas
Vibrate and move in all directions at high speeds
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
When the particles gain heat energy
their average kinetic energy increases
hence the temperature increases
When the particles lose heat energy
their average kinetic energy decreases
hence the temperature decreases
Particles in solids, liquids and gases are different in the following ways
their arrangement
their motion
their strength of attractive force between them
the distance/space between each other
The Particulate Model of Matter
Attractive Force
Liquids
Moderately strong
Gases
Weak/Negligible
Solids
Very strong
Arrangement
Liquids
Moderately Strong
Gases
Weak/Negligible
Solids
Orderly/Regular
Space
Liquids
Quite close together
Gases
Far apart
Solids
Closely packed together
Motion
Liquids
Move about freely by sliding over one another
Gases
Move in all directions at high speeds
Solids
Can only vibrate at fixed positions
Using Particulate Model of Matter to explain Common Physical Properties of Matter
Liquids
Expansion during heating
Motion and spaces
Gain energy to vibrate more vigorously and push each other away
Distance between them increases
Volume occupied by the particle increases
Contraction during heating
Motion and spaces
Lose energy, hence motion decreases and they come close to one another
Distance between them decreases
Volume occupied by the particle decreases
Cannot be compressed easily
Spaces
Particles are quite closely packed together
Limited spaces to squash them further
Have a fixed volume
Attractive force and motion
Attractive forces are strong enough to hold them in confined spaces
Cannot move freely in all directions
Does not have a fixed shape but takes the shape of the containers
Attractive force, motion and arrangement
Attractive forces between the particles are moderately strong
Can only move freely by sliding over one another in confined spaces
Hence having a disorderly arrangement
Gases
Can diffuse easily
Attractive force
Negligible
Free to move anywhere at high speeds
Expansion during heating
Motion and spaces
Distance between them increases
Volume occupied by the particle increases
Gain energy to vibrate vigorously and push each other away
Can be compressed easily
Spaces
Particles of gases are far apart from one another
More spaces between them
Can be squashed together easily
Contraction during cooling
Motion and spaces
Lose energy, hence their motion decreases and they come close to one another
Distance between them decreases
Volume occupied by the particle decreases
Have low densities
Motion
Able to spread out in all the available spaces
Mass per volume ratio is relatively low
Does not have a fixed shape and a fixed volume
Attractive force, motion and arrangement
Attractive forces between the particles are negligible
Free to move randomly in all directions
Have a disorderly arrangement
Solids
Cannot be compressed easily
Spaces
Particles are closely packed together
Limited spaces to squeeze them further
Have high densities
Spaces
Particles are closely packed together
Mass per volume ratio is relatively high
Have a fixed volume
Motion
Can only vibrate at their fixed positions
Expansion during heating
Motion and spaces
Particles gain energy to vibrate more vigorously and push each other away
Distance between them increases
Volume occupied by the particle increases
Have a fixed shape
Attractive force, motion and arrangement
The particles are held by strong attractive force
Can only vibrate at their fixed positions
Hence have an orderly arrrangement
Contraction during cooling
Motion and spaces
Particles lose energy, hence their motion decreases and they come close to one another
Distance between them decreases
Volume occupied by the particle decreases