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Health - Coggle Diagram

- - - - physical function
      - emotional function
      - social function
      - role performance
      - pain
  - - - Declaration of Astana
        
        drivers of successful primary health care
        
        technology
        
        human resources
        
        knowledge
        
        financing
        
        renewed the political commitment to primary health care from governments, non-governmental organizations, professional organization, academia and global health and development
        
        aims to refocus efforts on primary health care to ensure everyone everywhere is able to enjoy the highest possible attainable standard of health
        
        due to unsuccess of declaration of alma ata
      - Declaration of Alma Ata
        
        first international declaration underlining the importance of primary healthcare
        
        primary healthcare approach has been accepted as the key to achieving the goal of "health for all"
        
        RHU as primary healthcare facility
        
        expressed the need for urgent action by all governments, all health and development workers, and the world community to protect and promote th health of all people
        
        more on preventive health
      - Health Systems Strengthening
        
        any array of initiatives and strategies that improves one or more of the functions of the health system and that leads to better health through improvement in access, coverage, quality, or efficiency
        
        process of identifying and implementing the changes in policy and practice in a country's health system
      - WHO Health Systems Framework
        
        leadership and governance
        
        three main categories of stakeholders
        
        citizens
        
        health service providers
        
        state
        
        ensures strategic policy frameworks exist and combined with effective oversight, coalition-building, regulation, attention to system-design and accountability
        
        financing
        
        core functions
        
        purchasing of services
        
        pooling of funds
        
        revenue raising
        
        improves effective service coverage and financial protection
        
        carefully designed and implemented health financing policies can help to address these issues on out-of-pocket expenditures
        
        access to essential medicines
        
        quality assured, safe and effective medicines, vaccines, and medical devices are fundamental to health system
        
        heart of WHO's global strategy is to limit falsified products
        
        health information systems
        
        generate strategic information for the benefit of public health
        
        enable decision-makers to identify problems and needs, make evidence-based decisions on health policy and allocate resources optimally
        
        ensures, for the field of pharmacy, that the patients get their medicines that can be accounted to their insurance
        
        health workforce
        
        central to managing and delivering health services
        
        influenced by the availability of health workers with relevant skills, in sufficient numbers, located where they are needed, and working in an environment that motivates and engages them
        
        it is critical to develop policies that will retain enough health workers with relevant SKILLS MIX (appropriate skills for a certain job)
        
        service delivery
        
        assessed through
        
        specialist care
        
        primary care
        
        public health
        
        combination of inputs into a production process that leads to the delivery of interventions
        
        output of the health system
        
        limitations: does not show how patient access the health system (demand) as it only looks into the supply
        
        overall goals
        
        improve health
        
        responsiveness
        
        social and financial risk protection
        
        improved efficiency
      - History
        
        Before 18th century
        
        illness is a sign of poor moral and spiritual condition; infectious diseases are common; mediated by prayer and piety
        
        public health practice: mediated by isolation of the ill or quarantine which is enforced by public authorities
        
        18th century
        
        they realized the disease has a cause but they cant pinpoint where it came from
        
        establishment (in port cities) of permanent quarantine council
        
        voluntary hospital for physically ill
        
        public institutions for mentally ill
        
        19th century the great sanitary awakening
        
        development of public activities in health
        
        promote sanitation and engineering as a means of controlling the disease
        
        5 more items...
        
        documentation of extent of disease and suffering pop
        
        1 more item...
        
        sanitary problem
        
        illness cannot always be imported from other shores but can be internally generated
        
        1 more item...
        
        due to industrialization (resulted in high population density)
        
        1 more item...
        
        filth as a cause of disease and vehicle of transmission
        
        ignited the concept of sanitation
        
        1 more item...
        
        illness is considered as an indicator of poor social and environmental conditions, poor moral and spiritual conditions
        
        control is shifted from quarantine and isolation to cleaning and improving environment
        
        late 19th century: bacteriology
        
        rapid advancements in scientific knowledge
        
        2 more items...
        
        early 20th century: the move toward personal care
        
        3 more items...
      - evolution
        
        epidemiologic transition
        
        delayed degenerative diseases and emerging infection
        
        degenerative and man-made diseases
        
        receding pandemics
        
        pestilence and famine
        
        shaped by two factors
        
        growth of public acceptance of disease control both a possibility and a public responsibility
        
        growth of scientific knowledge
        
        affected by the shift of population movement
      - primary intent is to promote, restore, or maintain health
        
        can be affected by social determinants
        
        delivers preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative interventions
        
        how people can access healthcare
        
        can also influences health systems
      - consists of all organizations, institutions, and people whose primary purpose is to improve health