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Neo Marxism and religion - Coggle Diagram
Neo Marxism and religion
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Relative autonomy
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Potential freedom to promote its own values, independent of the control of the bourgeoisie
However, there are still restrictions on their control / power
Neo Marxism, religion, and change
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Liberation theology
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Religion falls outside of the economic superstructure, has relative autonomy and can change its own hegemony
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Banned trade unions, large groups meeting up, capital punishment
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Churches became areas for people to talk freely about their grievances they had with the dictatorship (safe haven) - develops social change and revolution in Nicaragua - counter hegemony
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Evaluation (AO3)
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Used to encourage social mobility by inspiring the poor to get out of poverty through their own efforts
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Gramsci - Neo Marxism, religion, and change
Hegemony - ideological dominance of the ruling class which maintains their class position over the W/C
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Counter hegemony - religion inspires practical consciousness, where individuals understand exploitation but don't have the means to change their class position
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AO2
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Also used Churches to set up these meetings for trade unions - very organised and had Church support
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Thus, unable to set up trade unions and inspire social change
Different from Marx's view as he was highly critical of religion as he thought it makes the W/C accept their position (supernatural compensation)
In the traditional Marxist view, the economic base (capitalism) shapes and maintains the superstructure (ideologies and political / legal structures in society)
In the Neo Marxist view, the economic base shapes and maintains the superstructure, but religion is outside of the superstructure - independent force with relative autonomy, that can challenge the economic base
Religion and conflict
Casanova believed that the irrational nature of religious belief has caused more war, persecution, and human suffering than any other belief system
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Splitting of Yugoslavia - split upon ethnic / religion lines, with tension between the religious lines (Serbia - orthodox Catholic, Albania and Bosnia - Muslim)
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Evaluation (AO3)
These conflicts could be based on control over land, but using religion to justify expansion of land / resources - not religion causing this conflict
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