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Biology Test, Hormones:, Sensory receptors, chemical reaction that…
Biology Test
Nerves and Hormones
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Parts of neuron: dendrites, axon, nodes of ranvier, soma, axon terminals, synaptic gap/buttons
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Stimulus Response
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response actions
Vasconstriction
constricts blood vessels, sends blood to muscles at high pressure to reduce blood flow to surface
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Vasodilation
dilates blood vessels, forces blood to surface to cool down
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Circulatory System
Blood Vessels: Veins, arteries, capillaries the tubes that transport the blood
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Cells, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, Organism
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Four Tissue Types: Connective, Epithelial, Muscle, Nervous
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topic 3 question 4: Describe and label the capillary/ cell exchange surface (https://studymind.co.uk/notes/exchange-in-capillaries/)- outside surface is one cell(epithelial cell) thick to increase the surface area and volume ratio allowing for O2 , CO2 ,nucleotides and lipids to get through(everything except for red blood cells). Inside of a capillary is called the lumen.
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Exchange Surfaces
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alveoli
tiny air sacs that function as basic respiratory unit. Oxygen diffuses into the air sac and carbon dioxide diffuses out.
villi
provide the exchange surface in the small intestine for nutrients. Living cells require organic and inorganic molecules to survive; oxygen, simple sugars, amino acids etc. - All of these except for oxygen and water, are obtained from food in heterotrophic organisms
digestive system
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Food is absorbed from the intestine into the bloodstream. After leaving the stomach food is broken down by intestinal and pancreatic juices(containing enzymes) and bile from the gall bladder.
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nephron
structures found in the kidney. Regulates the concentration of water and soluble substances by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.
structure of a nephron
Glomerulus: blood is filtered through the walls of these capillaries into the bowman's capsule. The cells and proteins remain in the blood.
Bowman's capsule: Most of the water and dissolved substances (filtrate_ pass into the capsule. The filtrate then passes into a long tubule to the loop of the Henle
tubule: surrounded by blood capillaries as the fluid moves along the tubule, reabsorption of substances that are needed by the body occurs.
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Hormones:
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Axon, Dendrites, Neurotransmitter
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