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ENGLISH PAPER 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - the use of visual effects: headlines, pictures, photographs, interesting colours and fonts
    - - language devices: adjectives, puns, figures of speech (simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole)
- - - - simile: comparison using like/as
      - metaphor: comparison using is/are
      - personification: gives human qualities to inanimate objects
      - oxymoron: two contradictory words next to each other
      - onomatopoeia: words that imitate and reproduce real-life sound to heighten visual effect
      - hyperbole: an over-exaggeration not meant to be taken literally
      - contrast: contain conflicting or opposing ideas
      - irony: implies the opposite of what is said
      - satire: used to ridicule human, social, or political weaknesses, used to create humour
      - sarcasm: saying the opposite of what is meant in order to insult or humiliate
      - anti-climax: build up of ideas, with the last statement being unexpected
      - euphemism: expresses unpleasant/uncomfortable situation in a sensitive and kind manner, used to protect feelings or be politically correct
      - paradox: seemingly absurd statement, yet is found to be true
      - lilotes: uses a negative and an opposite to understate what is being said
      - pun: clever play on words resulting in a double meaning, used to convey humour
      - synechdoche: a part is used for a whole, or a whole is used for a part
      - antithesis: compares and contradicts ideas or statements within a sentence
      - malapropism: unintentional use of similar sounding words
      - spoonerism: mixing up of the initial sounds of spoken words
- - - - tenses
        
        continuous: ongoing
        
        simple: generally
        
        perfect: completed
        
        present: today
        
        past: yesterday
        
        future: tomorrow
      - auxiliary: helping verb
      - mood
        
        indicative: express fact or provide information
        
        imperative: expresses instructions or commands
        
        subjunctive: used when something is unlikely or to express a doubt or uncertainty
      - copulative/linking: connects a noun with another noun, or a noun with an adjective ('to be', 'is', 'am', 'are')
      - infinitive: a verb preceded by 'to', must be preceded with a finite verb as it cannot stand alone