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Chapter 27:Nutritional principles and energy metabolsim - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 27:Nutritional principles and energy metabolsim
Metabolic rate
release energy- catabolism, storing energy - anabolism
Energy output= external work + energy storage + heat
efficiency= work done/total energy expended
amount of energy liberated = metabolic rate
Calories
standard unit of heat - amount of heat energy necessary to raise temp of 1g of water with 1degree
kcal= 1000cal
Calorimetry
energy released by products outside of body- direct calorimetry
bomb calorimeter
indirect calorimetry
O2 consumption per unit time= energy liberted by metabolism
Respiratory Quotient
ratio in steady state of volume O2 produced to the volume O2
not the respiratory exhange ratio
C6H12O6 +6O2 --> 6CO2 +6H20 RQ=6/6 =1.00
measuring metabolic rate
02 consumption is measured by spirometer
factors affecting metabolic rate
Specific dynamic action of food- increase metabolic rate
muscular exertion
environmental temp - basal metabolic rate 12-14 h fast
p462 table
sleep
energy balance
caloric intake and energt output
if negative - weight loss if positive weight gain
Nutrition
essential dietary components
water, calories, prot, fat, min, vit
caloric intake and distribution
2000kcal for basal needs, 500-2500 kcal for activities of the day
grade 1 prot- animal protein, dairy products
grade II protein - plant based
when calculating requirement- first do prot then split between carbs and fat
prot needs- 1g/kg
e.g 65kg male- needs 2800 kcal, 65g protein- 267kcal at least, fat intake 50/60g
mineral reuirements
zinc def= skin ulcer, depressed immune responses, hypogonadal dwarfism
copper def - anemia and changes in ossification
chromium- insulin resistance
fluorine def- dental caries
iron overload- heamchromatosis
Al overload in renal failure who has dialysis - dementia
vitamins
Vit A+D bound to transfer prot, Vit E bound to chylomicron
P465,466
hypervitaminosis A- anorexia, headache, HSM
Hyervit D- weight loss, calcification of soft tissue and renal failure
hyperVit K - GIT disturb, anemia