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Unit 7: Human nutrition - Coggle Diagram
Unit 7: Human nutrition
Diet
carbohydrates are an energy source (e.g. rice, bread)
proteins allow for growth and repair of tissues (e.g. meat, beans)
fats allow for energy storage, insulation, protection (e.g. oils, butter)
vitamins are only needed in small amounts for various body functions (e.g. Vitamin C for immune function, Vitamin D for bones)
minerals are essential for bodily functions (e.g. Calcium for bones, Iron for blood)
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fiber aids in digestion, excretion, and prevents constipation
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Parts of the System
the mouth allows for ingestion of food, mechanical (teeth breaking down food into smaller pieces) & chemical digestion (salivary amylase breaking down starch into smaller pieces)
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the stomach secretes gastric juice (which contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin) which begins the digestion of proteins and kills bacteria
the duodenum is the first part of the small intestine which holds bile from the liver and the gallbladder emulsifies fats (the pancreatic juices contains enzymes). the ileum is the main site of digestion and absorbs nutrients, and is lined with villi for increased surface area. the insides of the intestines are slimy so food cannot get stuck.
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Digestion
- mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food (stomach churning, chewing)
- chemical digestion is the chemical breakdown of food through reactions involving enzymes
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absorption is the movement of digested food molecules from the intestine into the bloodstream or lymph
the lining is covered with villi and microvilli which increases the surface area for absorption. the villi is one cell thick for a short diffusion path. a rich supply of blood capillaries carry absorbed nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vein. lacteals absorb fatty acids and glycerol into the lymphatic system
assimilation is the process where absorbed nutrients are used by the body to build new cells, tissues, and compounds
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amino acids are used to synthesize proteins for growth, repair, and enzymes
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