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Chap 5: what are the factors that shape the identities of ppl and…
Chap 5: what are the factors that shape the identities of ppl and contribute to a diverse society
a person's understanding of citizenship can be shaped by his/her sense of identity, your identity is how you perceive yourself and how others perceive you
diversity refers to differences and variety, socio-culturally diverse and socio economically diverse
society is socio-culturally diverse when ppl are of different races and ethnicities, religions and nationalities
society is socio-economically diverse when ppl have different socio-economic bgs due to different levels of education, income and wealth
with diverse grps of ppl living in society, there will likely be different beliefs, values, practices and views
such differences can either bring ppl tgt or lead to tensions and conflicts
race and ethnicity
race refers to biological classification of ppl, which include their physical characteristics such as colour of skin, bone and jaw structure
ethnicity is based on the culture of a grp of ppl who shared the same ancestry, customs and traditions that distinguish them from other grps in society. therefore, each ethnic grp will have its own beliefs, values and practices that shape its identity and way of life
in sg, race and ethnicity are often used interchangeably as culture is seen to be closely related to race. Sg has a diverse population mix of ppl of different races and ethnicities
four main races: chinese, malay, indian and others
the govt uses this categorisation to make decisions regarding policies related to race and ethnicity in Sg such as the Group Representation Constituency (GRC) and Ethnic Integration Policy (EIP)
GRC
a grp of Members of Parliament represents the interests of residents in the constituency rather than just a single member
at least one of the members must belong to the malay/indian/another minority racial community so that the minority races are represented in Parliament
EIP
to promote interaction and harmony among ethnic grps, to prevent the rise of ethnic enclaves and to ensure there is a mix of various ethnic grps in each HDB block based on the ethnic make-up of Sg
to reflect the growing diversity of Sg society and the increasing number of inter-ethnic marriages, the double-barrelled race option was implemented for Sg'rean children to be born to parents of different races, allowed for the races of both parents to be reflected as the child's race
religion
Sg is a multi-religious society. the different religions can influence their respective followers' beliefs, values, practices and ways of life, thereby shaping their identities. these identities contribute to the diversity in Sg
religion refers to an organised collection of attitudes, beliefs, values practiced and world views
individual's religion may be determined by birth of by choice
socio-economic status
refers to an economic situation shared by a grp of ppl in society
measured based on a combination of social and economic factors such as education, income, housing and occupation
an indiv/household income is one indicator of a person's socio-economic status. this info helps the govt identify grps of ppl who may require additional assistance and this allows the govt to provide more targeted support
a person's socio economic status can change due to various reasons.
an individual's movement across socio-economic position is known as social mobility, this movement can be either upward or downward
nationality
a person's identity can also be shaped by his/her nationality
ppl of the same nationality are citizens of the same country and usually lived tgt in a particular geographical area. often share a common history and language, as well as common experiences, practices and traditions
ppl may feel more connected to other members of the same nationality as they identify with and share a common history, language and culture. this may result in a shared sense of national identity and belonging to their country
there are ppl of different nationalities in Sg
immigrants are foreigners who settle permanently in Sg, either as Permanent Residents(PR) or Naturalised Singaporean citizens. foreigners who come to work/study
with economic oppo and a stable social envt, many foreigners are attracted to Sg
as they come to live and work in Sg, they bring along their distinct identities and practices unique to their country of origin, contributing to the diversity of Sg