Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
General Concepts in Pharmacology - Coggle Diagram
General Concepts in Pharmacology
Drug Names
Chemical Name
Describes drug's chemical composition
Generic Name
Name given by USADC
AKA: Non-proprietary Name
Trade Name
Drug's registered trade name
AKA: Proprietary Name
Pharmacology Principles
Pharmaceutics
Formulation and chemical properties of the drug
Pharmacodynamics
Study of how drugs affect the body
Pharmacokinetics
What the body does to the drug
4 Phases
Absorption
Drug entering the bloodstream
Distribution
Dispersion of drug throughout the body
Metabolism
Chemical Transformation of the drug
First Pass Effect
Metabolism of drug before reaching systemic circulation
Excretion
Removal of the drug from the body
Route of Administration
Parenteral
any route other than the GI Tract
IV, IM, SQ, etc.
Enteral
via oral, gastric or intestinal mucosa
Topical
Skin, Eyes, Ears, Lungs, etc.
Common Terms
Bioavailability
Fraction of a dose reaching systemic circulation
Half-Life
Time for plasma concentration to decrease by half
First Pass Effect
Metabolism of drug before reaching systemic circulation
Bioequivalent
Drugs with same bioavailability and effects
Biotransformation
Chemical modification of a drug by the body
Cumulative Effects
Build-up of a drug leading to potential toxicity
Drug Elimination
Metabolism and excretion of drugs
Duration of action
Length of time drug effects last
Efficacy
Maximum effect a drug can produce
Potency
Amount of drug needed to produce an effect
Prodrug
Inactive compounds metabolized to active drugs
Steady State
Intake and elimination are in dynamic equilibrium
Synergistic Effects
Two drugs producing a greater combined effect
Therapeutic Index
Ratio comparing toxic dose to effective dose
Low is risky, High is safer
Types of Drug Therapy
Palliative Therapy
Relieves symptoms without curing disease
Empiric Therapy
Treatment based on clinical experience
Maintenance Therapy
Ongoing treatment to prevent disease progression
Supplemental Therapy
Supplements something the body lacks
Prophylactic Therapy
Preventative therapy
Effects of Age
Pediatrics
Neonate
birth - 1 month
Infant
1 month - 12 months
Child
1 to 12 years
Dosage Calculations
Most accurate
Based on body surface area - used in neonates
Easy to make mistakes
Most common
Based on weight
Its easier and less likely for errors
Elderly
Drug interactions
Polypharmacy
Body system changes
Renal insufficiency
Metabolic changes with age