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Short films of different eras (1902, 1943, 1984 and 2019) Made by:…

- - - - Many people describe trip to the moon as a science fiction film. Some of the themes included in this short film are:
        
        Science, Innovation and Technology: One of the main themes of this movie is science, it shows the scientific aspirations of the century by reflecting, exaggerating and criticizing them.
        
        Exploration, Discovery, and human curiosity: This film clearly demonstrates the human curiosity for discovering what is beyond earth as it shows a group of scientists going on a trip to the earth.
        
        Fantasy and Imagination: In one of the most famous scenes the moon is shown as a humanized thing, with a face, for example the iconic scene where the group of scientist land on the eye of the moon. As well as many other things like stars and planets are represented with human faces. Also, the use elements as extraterrestrial life, new creatures on the moon.
        
        Colonialism: As the group of scientific land on the moon the encounter extraterrestrial creature, showing the natural human instinct of colonizing, as the group of scientists come back from the moon the are treated as kings, thanks to their success.
    - - There where many innovative elements in this short film mainly because it was one of the first short films created and it was made when films where just starting to be seen as a way of art.
        
        Special Effects: This short film was one of the first one and many of the special effects used were a guide for many films created on later years, helping with the creation of special effects on nowadays films. Some of the special effects used were double exposure, multiple exposures, and superimposition, for creating moving effects, as well as fantastic elements used on the film.
        
        Editing techniques: The transitions between scenes were an innovation at the time, as well as the stop motion technique used for giving a higher quality to the movement of the short film.
        
        Visual effects: Painted Backgrounds for creating an immersing effect for the audience.
    - - It is based on the novel Journey to the Moon by Julio Verne.
      - It is considered the first science fiction film since it contains characteristic elements of this genre, and it is commonly said that many of the bases for today's science fiction cinema were taken from this short film.
      - This short film characterized for being one of the first short films created, where short films began to emerge as a form of art and expression.
      - It has characteristics of primitive cinema, starting with the fact that it is in black and white, its scenery, editing and production demonstrate that this short film was created at the beginning of cinema, and thanks to it, short films evolved throughout history.
      - The music as Wells as the visual elements as the scenography and the customs of the characters are essential elements in this short film, as there are no dialogues the author must catch audience attention through auditive and visual elements.
      - The music plays a significant role as it sets the environment of the situation, for example if the climax is happening or the situation that requires more attention from the audience, the rhythm of the music increases. Also, many primitives but innovating editing elements are used, for example, the transition between scenes.
  - - - The airplane
      - The rocket
      - Electronics
      - Atomic power
      - Despite of the great dicoveries made by 1900 in the decades following lots of technologycal and scientifical innovations
      - Antibiotics
    - - The rapid technological advances of the century like the creation of the radio and others, lead to meny social consequences as factories growth shuch as work, small business flourish, and global industry also.
    - - The film industry was just starting to be introduced, films were too short. Actually trip to the moon was an innovation for short films industry.
- - - - Self-harm and suicide: The film explores the theme of self-harm since it shows elements like knives which are used by the woman to harm another man and at the end of the film to hurt herself (resulting in suicide and death).
      - Consciousness and mystery: The film explores consciousness as it shows what happens in the mind of a woman when she falls asleep. However the limit between dreams and reality is not very clear, which results in mystery because the audience tries to understand what is the woman planning and who is the mysterious man with a mirror in his face.
      - The mental confusion: In the film, there are different versions of the woman that behave in different ways, this may represent the various thoughts she has and therefore the confusion of these thoughts.
    - - The visual transitions are an important innovation in the film taking into account the year when it was released. Visual transitions like the key becoming a knife, or the pieces of glass being dragged into the sea by a wave are advanced for the year of 1943 and contribute to the quality and effect of the film on the audience.
      - Another innovation of the film is the use of scene repetition to confuse and engage the audience. Scene repetition refers to the reiteration of certain scenes in the film, for example the exact same moment of the woman chasing the mysterious man is played four or five times along the film. This element catches audience’s attention and activates its concentration to understand why a specific scene is being repeated.
    - - The film does not have dialogues, this is a key element because it makes the audience pay close attention to the actions and facial expressions of the characters to understand the film
      - The absence of music or sound effects is an essential element as it helps giving priority to the visual elements in the film, highlighting visual effects such as when the key becomes a knife.
      - The film only has 3 characters: the woman who is the main character, and the secondary characters (the man and the person with a mirror in the face). Having few characters is a typical characteristic of short films, which is important since it helps the audience focusing on one or two characters and properly understanding them
  - - - In 1943 the world was living the WW2, therefore some important events happening in this year were: the attack to Pearl Harbor, the end of the Battle of Stalingrado, the beggining of the Battle of Kursk (the biggest tank battle in history), the Grand Council of Fascism overthrew Benito Mussolini to start Pietro Badoglio's new government.
    - - In 1943 WW2 was happening and this had an impact on the cinematic trends of the moment because the topics and plots of many movies were related to war. Some of the most important films of this year were: "This is the Army", "For Whom the Bell Tolls", "The Song of Bernadette", and "Casablanca".
    - - Since in 1943 the WW2 was happening, most technological advances has war purposes, for example: antitank bazooka rocket, the proximity fuse, the DUKW amphibious vehicle, the first use of DDT to combat malaria, and mass production of the antibiotic penicillin for war wounds.
- - - - The process of overcoming a pet’s death (Victor overcoming Sparky’s death)
      - The use of science to resurrect animals (in this case Victor’s dog Sparky)
      - The creativity and ability of children (Victor used science to resurrect Sparky)
      - The rejection of what is new/different (people rejected and feared Sparky after his resurrection because he was strange and different).
    - - One innovation of Frankenweenie is that the introduction of the film is made in stop motion (here the main character, Victor, is presented), and after this stop motion scene (of 5 minutes approximately), the real-life actors start the film.
      - Another innovation of this film is the special materials and makeup used to make Sparky look like a monster dog (for example the stitches in the dog’s body or the bolts in his neck).
    - - Music is an essential element in Frankenweenie because it sets the atmosphere for each scene, for example sad music is played when the Sparky dies, and suspense music is played when Victor is trying to resurrect Sparky. In general, music helps the audience to understand better the film and engage with it.
      - The black and white filming format (the film scenes do not have colour) contributes to the atmosphere of suspense and science fiction of Frankenweenie.
      - The tone of narrator’s voice (Vincent Price) is key in this film. Vincet plays with different kinds of voices (cheerful, melancholic, frightened, among others) to capture the audience’s attention.
  - - - Some important events in the world in 1984 were: Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi is assassinated by two of her security guards, heralding the beginning of the anti-Sikh riots in India; NASA and the FAA intentionally crash a remotely controlled Boeing 720 aircraft to acquire data and test new technologies to aid passenger and crew survival; the 1984 Summer Olympics are held in Los Angeles, California; and Apple releases its revolutionary personal computer.
    - - Cinematic trends of 1984 included mostly 3 genres: horror, comedy and adventure. Very famous movies from these 3 genres appeared in 1984. Horror, with essential films like A Nightmare on Elm Street (Freddy Kruger). Comedy hits like This is Spinal Tap , Beverly Hills Cop , and Ghostbusters. Adventure and fantasy with releases like The Karate Kid , The NeverEnding Story , and Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.
    - - Macintosh PC was launched by Steve Jobs, PC’s did not run Windows, floppy disks were very popular, people bought music, recorded it, and listened to it on cassette tapes, video gaming was often done in arcades and tetris was created that year.
- - - - Refugees: The short film talks about the difficult situations refugees must past through, it specifically talks about a father and a child, the father decides to abandon his child because he cannot give his son the life he deserves.
      - Values such as empathy with others: This short film makes the audience empathize with the characters and the situations they are passing through, this way the audience is also empathizing with real refugees, who must past through difficult situations as the ones show in the short film.
      - Child abandonment: The kid lives missing his father, as the difficult conditions force him to grow away from him
      - Difficult economic situations for parents: The short film shows the difficult economic situations many kids and people must pass through.
      - Family: Family is one of the main themes of the short film, it talks about the strong connection and importance parents have for their children and the pain caused by their abandonment.
    - - In comparison with past films this one had a more advance edition, the colors, the animated characters, and the transition between scenes. This film shows how short films have evolve, and how different elements as music, edition, and other visual elements help to transmit the message effectively.
    - - The film doesn´t have a dialogue, but the expressions in the face of the characters, let the audience see the feelings of the characters.
      - Music: The music helps generating a feeling on the audience, for example, in one scene a kid was remembering sad memories with his father, in this scene a specific music was played for setting a mood this way the audience can empathize with the feelings of the characters.
      - Real life events: At the end of this short film, it mentions it was inspired in real life events, this helps creating a deeper connection with the audience as it talks about real issues happening at the moment, and how people must face them.
  - - - Many Social events had happened in the 21 century as the September 11 Terrorist Attacks, the Iraq War, the Global Recession, The War on Terror, technology advances have also lead to many social issues as mental health and it has also affect many aspects of people´s life as their job, how people communicate etc.
    - - In 2019 and now streaming platfoms are a trend for watching movies and cinematographic productions, as they are for filmmakers more effective way of getting to a wider range of audience, and for the audience streming is an easier way of watching a wider variety of movies, between the streaming platforms you can find: Netflix, Star + , between others
    - - Many technological advances had occur in the recent 21 century as the creation of the mobile phone, laptops, robots, Artificial Intelligence between other advances that have change completely our life style, facilitating for us many tasks: For example: The creatin if the internet have evolve our way of adquering knolage, on past years you had to go to a library and search for books abou the topic, now you can search anything on the internet