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OIL POLLUTION MANAGEMENTI - Coggle Diagram
OIL POLLUTION MANAGEMENTI
Importance of oil
Easy to store and tranport
Easy to extract from the ground
Can be made into many different products
Less pollution when burnt compared with coal
Challenges
The supplies have to be transported great distances
Great economic power because the demand is so great
It is a toxic material
Flammable
Causes for marine oil spills
Oil leakage form the rigs
Leakes in the pipework moves the oil to storage
Risk of collision
Risk of damaging oil tankers
Impacts of marine ecosystems
Damage or removal of marine organism
Impact on the food web
Affects the local econommy
Tourism and fishing
As long as oil is beignf trasported there will continue to be oil pollution incidents
Worldwild cooperation is allowing the development of strategies
Reduce the number of oil spills
Avoid spillage of other substances that may affect the environment
MARPOL (marine pollution)
Sets a number of regulations covering pullution by oil, sewage, rusbish, and toxic liquids
Under this regulation, rules have been introduced to cover the process of transfering crude oil from one vessel to another while at sea, a common cause of a smaller oil spills.
All tankers must be certificade to show the hace appropriate systems in place
Attention has also been focused on the designs of ships themselves
Two designs features have been added to modern tankers
Increased the number of compartments containd within the hull of the ship
Introduction of the DOUBLE-HULLED tankers, has been built with two hulls
It is very expensive but it haves less risks of oil spillage
Has not prevent all spills, but it eas reduce
Minimising the impacts of oil
Depends in local weather condition, the proximity to land and calmnessof the sea
Strategies
Floatin booms
Detergent sprays
Skimmers