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Physics revised Paper 1 (part 1) - Coggle Diagram
Physics revised Paper 1 (part 1)
Forms of Energy
There are 9 types of energy, all summarised in the acronym 'GEEKS LUNCH' (The U doesn't stand for anything)
S= Sound Energy
L= Light Energy
K= Kinetic Energy
U= U tell me mate
E= Elastic Potential Energy
N= Nuclear Energy
E= Electrical Energy
C= Chemical Energy
G= Gravitational Potential Energy
H= Heat Energy
Law of conservation of enrgy
Energy cannot be made or destroyed, it is just transferred from A to B
Kinetic, Elastic Potential and Gravitational Potential Energy Equations
Kinetic Energy= 1/2 x Mass x (Velocity squared)
Kinetic Energy= Joules (J)
Mass = Kilograms (KG)
Velocity= Metres per second (M/S)
Kinetic Energy is represented as a strange rotated McDonald's logo looking E
Elastic potential energy= 1/2 x Spring Constant x (Extension squared)
Elastic Potential Energy= Joules (J)
Extension= Metres (M)
Spring Constant= Newtons per metre (N/M)
Gravitational Potential Energy= Mass x Gravitational Field Strength x Height
Gravitational Potential Energy= Joules (J)
Mass= Kilograms (KG)
Gravitational Field Strength= 9.8 Newtons per kilogram (9.8N/KG)
Height= Metres (M)
Change in thermal energy= Mass x Specific Heat Capacity x Change in temperature
Change in thermal energy = Joules (J)
Mass= Kilograms (KG)
Specific heat capacity= Joules divided by kilograms (J/KG)
Change in Temperature= (oC)
Change in thermal energy is represented by an triangle then the rotated McDonald's M turned E
Power= Energy Transferred/Time
Power= Watts (W)
Energy transferred (J)
Time= Seconds (s)
Power= Work Done/Time
Power= Watts (W)
Time= Seconds(s)
Work done= Joules (J)
Wasted Energy
Background
While energy cannot be destroyed or created, it can be wasted
e.g. If you have electric energy going through a light bulb, three things come out
Heat
Not useful
"Wasted"
Sound
Not useful
"Wasted"
Light
Useful
Important phrase!
Wasted energy DISSAPATES into the surroundings
Dissipates means it spreads out so much into it's surroundings it can just not be collected
Energy Efficiency in houses
This is an important list of how a house stays insulated
Loft insulation
Double Glazing
Carpet
Curtains
Cavity Insulation
Draught Excluders
Jacket around the hot water tank
Efficiency Equations
Efficiency= Useful energy out/ total energy in
Generating electricity
Two main ways of generating electricity
Renewable Energy
Easily producible ways that can be done sustainably
e.g. The sun, the wind, the water (tidal, HEP, waves)
Finite Energy
Ways that will eventually run out due to how long it takes to produce them, rarity or just being unable to live in today's climate compared to thousands of years ago
e.g. Fossil fuel (coal, gas), geothermal
Definitions for circuit phrases
Charge
Value of electricity flowing through a circuit
Current
Flow of electrons
Potential Difference
Pushes current around
Resistance
Slows down current
Charge & Potential Difference Equations
Charge= Current x Time
In symbols, that's Q (Charge) = I (Current) x T (Time) or Q=IT
Potential Difference= Current x Resistance
In symbols, that's V (Potential Difference) = I (Current) x R (Resistance) or V=IR
Circuit Power Equations
Power= Potential Difference x Current
Or, P=VI
Power= Current squared x Resistance
Or, P=I(squared)R
Energy Equations
Energy = Power x Time
or E= PT
Measurements
Energy= Joules (J)
Power= Watts (W)
Time = Seconds (S)
Energy= Charge x Potential Difference
Or E = QV
Energy = Joules (J)
Charge = Coulombs (C)
Potential Difference (V)
The National Grid
Definition
The National Grid is a system of how we get electricity to all houses across the country, through a particular order
Order of the National Grid
Power Station
Step Up Transformer
Pylons
Step Down Transformer
Your house
Step Up and Step Down Transformers
Quite Simple, Step Up transformers, turn the electricity from low to high voltage, step down goes the opposite
States of Matter, Boiling Points and Melting Points
Liquids
Flexibility
In the middle between the two. Like solids, it is heavy and there is a large amount of restriction in the movement of particles. Like gases however, it can move around and be flexible enough to move around a contained area as much as it sees fit
Transitions to other states
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Liquid to gas
Evaporating
Gases
Flexibility
Very flexible, almost no chemical bonding between the particles, moves around freely and is very light
Transitions to other states
Gas to liquid
Condensing
Gas to solid
Deposition
Solids
Flexibility
Very brittle, little to no movement in the particles, cannot move from it's fixed position at all
Transition to other states
Solid to liquid
Melting
Solid to gas
Sublimating
Melting and boiling points
Compounds
Melting point
19oC
Boiling Point
14oC
State symbols
S= Solid
L= Liquid
AQ= Aqueous Solution
G= Gas
Density
Definition
Density is the mass in a set volume
Equation
Density = Mass ÷ Volume
Or, ρ (not p, lowercase 'Rho')= M÷V
Mass= kg
Volume= M³
Density= kg per m³
Specific Heat Capacity and Specific Latent Energy
Specific Heat Capacity
Definition
Specific heat capacity is how much energy is needed to raise temperatures of 1 kg by 1°C
Equation
Change in Energy = Mass x Specific Heat Capacity x Change in Temperature
In symbols, that's ▲ε = m x c x ▲T
Change in Energy = Joules (J)
Mass = Kilograms (kg)
Specific Heat Capacity = Joules ÷ Kilograms in Degrees Celsius (J ÷ kg °C)
Change in Temperature= degrees celsius (°C)
Specific Latent Energy
Definition
Specific Latent Energy is the energy needed to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at the melting point
Equation
Energy = Mass x Specific Latent Heat
In symbols, that's ε= m x L
Energy= Joules (J)
Mass = Kilograms (kg)
Specific Latent Energy = Joules per kilogram (J/kg)