Moves molecules against their concentration gradient using energy = (ATP).

Moves molecules along their concentration gradient without the use of energy. just passes through

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration directly through the lipid bilayer.

The process by which cells intake materials by engulfing them with the plasma membrane to form vesicles

This a type of endocytosis where cells engulf= eat= large particles or cells, forming phagosomes.

A type of endocytosis where cells intake liquids and dissolved substances by forming small vesicles

Proteins that form channels in the membrane allowing specific ions or molecules to pass through.

Proteins that bind to specific molecules and undergo conformational changes to transport them across the membrane.

Membrane-bound sacs used in processes like exocytosis and endocytosis to transport materials into and out of the cell.

The Solution where the concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

This solution where the concentration of solutes is lower outside the cell than inside, leading to water entering the cell.

The solution where the concentration of solutes is higher outside the cell than inside, causing water to leave the cell.