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6b-Cognitive dissonance and cognitive biases - Coggle Diagram
6b-Cognitive dissonance and cognitive biases
Cognitive dissonance def: Psychological tension when our thoughts, feelings, behaviors don't align with one another
Example of cognitive dissonance:., It can occur for a student who believes cheating is wrong but does it anyway to get good grades.
Cognitive biases:
Unconscious, systematic tendencies to interpret information irrationally and not based off an objective reality.
Objective reality: existence of facts, entities, based off observations too.
Confirmation bias
Interpret, seek, recall info that confirms our existing beliefs. WHILE DISMISSING CONTRADICTORY EVIDENCE.
Exampole of confirmatiin bias:E.g., A person only reads and watches media that supports their political beliefs.
Halo effect
Def: Tendency to allow overall positive impressions of person, or their quality to influence our beleiefs and expectations of them.
False concensus bias
Tedency where we overestimate the extent people are similar to us , our beliefs, characteristics, behavior.
E.g., A person may assume that all their friends agree with racist comments, but they don’t; they just haven’t spoken up.
Self-serving bias
self deception- where we take credit for successes and blame external situational factors for our failures.
Why do we self-serve? We want to maintain our confidence, move away from failure.
Actor observer bias
Tendency to attribute our own behaviour because of ESF but attribute others due to IPF
E.g., If you fail a test, it is due to external factors such as there being too many distractions and the teacher did a bad job explaining. If someone else in the class fails a test, it is due to internal factors such as they are not smart, and they are too lazy to study.