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TOURISM, ., ., ., ., . - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Commodification
      - Community based tourism
      - Authenticity
      - Cultural clash
  - - - Positives
        
        Cultural preservation: Tourists are keen to visit places with rich cultural heritage and are interested in learning more or participating in activities and festivals.
        
        Tourism can lead to cultural preservation because this enhances preservation efforts, which also builds locals sense of belonging to their community
        
        For example, Tourists visit Beijing to know more about Chinese Dynasties
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        Enhancing cultural ecosystem services: Protects the environment for tourists activities and experiences can enhance cultural ecosystem services offered by nature
        
        Provides tourists with aesthetic, educational and recreational benefits
        
        For example, In Sanjiangyuan National Park in China, sightings of rare snow leopards have drawn tourists
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        Commodification of cultural rituals and artforms where traditions may lose their authenticity and weakens their cultural value
        
        Cultural clashes where tourists can be insensitive to local norms, including religious customs and traditions, resulting in negative sentiment against tourists
        
        A rise in crimes as destination regions may experience a rise in crime rates such as pickpocketing and robbery as tourists usually carry a huge sum of money
        
        An increase of overcrowding
- - - - Revenue: Money generated from tourism-related activities
      - Sewage: Wastewater and excrement produced by people
      - Facilities: A place, building, or equipment designed to serve particular function, such as hotels
    - - Positives
        
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        Local communities and governments in destinations regions maintain a pristine environment to attract tourist to visit
        
        Tourism revenue generated in the destination regions may be used to fund the protection of the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, protecting biodiversity
        
        establish protected area or national parks where development is restricted in order to ensure the habitats and undisturbed
        
        Employing and training specialized staff to run these parks to care for these ecosystems
        
        Setting up environment education programs for tourists to encourage them to care for these ecosystems
        
        E.g Entrance fee ($200) to visitors @ Galapagos National Park in Ecuador
        Revenue generated will be used to conserve environment
        
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        Negatives
        
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        Pollution
        
        Greenhouse emissions
        
        Traveling requires large amount of fossil fuels to be burned (air, sea, land)
        
        Tourism services also contributed to greenhouse gases (air conditioners)
        
        This can in turn lead to illnesses like asthma. Often, air pollution can circulate over a large area, and impact areas and people far from where it originated
        
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- - - - Economic leakage: Revenue generated by tourism lost to other countries’ economies.
      - Tourism industry is labour intensive, relying on huge workforce to produce service or goods to meet tourists demands.
      - Natural disasters: Natural phenomena that cause loss of lives and damages to properties.
        
        Unfavourable political situations: State of disagreement between different groups of people that can cause political instability.
        
        Economic downturn: General slowdown in economy activity over a sustained period of time
        
        Outbreak of diseases: A sudden rise and speak of a particular illness.
        
        Pandemic: A disease that is prevalent over a whole country or the whole world.
        
        Positives
        
        Job Creation: Tourism creates employment opportunities across various sectors, such as hospitality, transportation, retail, and entertainment. This is especially significant in regions where tourism is a major industry.
        Example: In Thailand, tourism directly and indirectly supports millions of jobs, from hotel staff to tour guides and local artisans.
        Revenue Generation: Tourism brings in substantial revenue through spending on accommodation, food, entertainment, and souvenirs. This revenue supports local businesses and contributes to the national economy.
        Example: In Italy, tourism revenue from attractions like the Colosseum, Venice, and the Amalfi Coast significantly boosts the country's GDP.
        Foreign Exchange Earnings: Tourism generates foreign currency, which can be used to pay for imports and improve a country's balance of payments.
        Example: The Maldives relies heavily on tourism for foreign exchange, with luxury resorts and diving experiences attracting tourists from around the world.
        
        Negatives
        
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        Economic Leakage
        
        A significant portion of the revenue generated by tourism may not remain in the local economy but instead leaks to other countries.
        
        Example: In some developing countries, luxury hotels and resorts are often owned by foreign companies. Profits generated by these businesses are sent back to the home country, resulting in minimal benefits to the local economy.
        
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