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ISSUE 2, deeper understanding of uniqueness, commonalities and differences…

- - - - a person's religious beliefs and practices may influence their thinking, the choices they make and their interactions with others, impacting their way of life and their identites
  - - - socio-economic status may influence a person's choice of housing, food, entertainment, activites and friends or people he/she interacts with
        
        the government supports families with lower incomes through KidSTART, equipping parents with relevant knowledge and skills to nurture their child's early development to ensure that their children have a good start in life. This is only offered to families with a household income of $2500 or less, or a gross monthly capita income of $650 or less
  - - - race and ethnicity can shape a person's identity as they influence his/her beliefs, values, practices and way of life
        
        the government uses CMIO categorisation to make decisions regarding policies related to race and ethnicity in Singapore. (e.g. ethnic integration policy - EIP was introduced in 1989 to promote interaction among ethnic groups in Singapore to prevent the rise of ethnic enclaves. EIP ensure that there is a mix of ethnic groups in each HDB block, based on the ethnic make up of Singapore so they have opportunities to interact with each other
  - - - nationality may result in a person feeling a shred sense of identity and belonging to his/her country
        
        Singlish is a informal way used by most Singaporeans. It mixes english with words and phrases from the languages spoken by the various communities in Singapore. It has become a part of the Singaporean identity and culture
- - - - e.g. Thermo Fisher, one of the world's largest medical device makers. For over 2 decades, Thermo Fishers' research and development centre in Singapore has been the central hub for its Asia-pacific operations. Thermo Fisher is a multinational company with over 2000 employees in Singapore and 80000 employees globally. Singaporeans in the company are encouraged to collaborate with employees from different cultures with different experiences and expertise to sharpen their skills and learn from one another
  - - - e.g. of discrimination is a nurse who had been on good term with his neighbours for 6 years. However, during Covid-19, his neighbours repeatedly called him "virus" and sprayed their daughter's face with disinfectant and poured disinfectant at their doorway and verbally abused his parents
  - - - causes a future of culture and the production of new creations and designs such as fusion of local cultures and foreign ideas (e.g. Singapore fashion designer, Ms Oniatta Effendi, a fashion entrepreneur who owns a batik clothing line. Her designs incorporates classically Javanese motifs such as parang and kawung, together with more contemporary patterns such as the japanese influenced sashiko motif.
  - - - the government has implemented the Fair consideration framework which promotes local hiring and ensures that employees give fair consideration to Singaporeans based on merit. for example, action is enforced against errant employers who carry out unfair hiring practices that favour foreigners
- - - - individuals: respond constructively to promote understanding of cultural differences and strengthen social cohesion
      - community groups: citizens with common interests can organise themselves into formal or informal community groups to contribute towards specific needs or issues in society
    - - Integration policies in Singapore
        
        Minority groups and immigrants retain their unique identities while forging a common ground with the majority group. Diverse socio-economic identities and practices are respected and complement the Singapore national identity anchored in shared values. Policies and programs encourage interactions between locals, immigrants and foreigners.
        
        Tensions between locals still exist due to the perceived erosion of the Singaporean identity and the difference in norms and values of immigrants
      - Assimilation policies in France
        
        Immigrants are expected to adopt the beliefs and practices of the majority groups in the host country. Over time, the identities of the assimilated groups are expected to be identical to the majority. France believes that harmony is achieved when every individual puts aside his or her connections with the French identity being prioritised.
        
        However, tensions between the upholding french national identity and recognising the role of culture and religion in these identities of immigrants and respecting their right to practice their religions
  - - - individuals
        
        contribute their time, effort and money to meet areas of need in the society. Adopt an attitude of grit and perseverance to overcome the economic challenges of their situation
      - community groups
    - - Government Financed approach in Sweden
        
        The Swedish government provides substantial subsidies, allowances and opportunities to equip individuals with skills for employment. This ensure that citizens, regardless of their background have access to social services
        
        A high taxation rate, an ageing population and high immigrant unemployment rates are challenges to Sweden's approach
      - Shared responsibility approach in Singapore
        
        Many helping hands such as individuals and families, community groups work together to address the issues related to socio-economic diversity and meet the needs of society. The government provides targeted assistance to individuals and families who are unable to support themselves
        
        An ageing population, increase in taxation and limitations in upskilling and training are challenges to Singapore's approach