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The particulate nature of matter, ysoskibidicharan, almyfelas - Coggle…
The particulate nature of matter
The random movement of microscopic particles in a liquid or gas
is known as Brownian motion
In honour of Robert Brown
Proves that matter can be made up of small particles which are in constant motion
Can be represented using the particulate nature of matter
since they are too small to be seen
We use this model to represent them and describe their movement
Can also be used to explain why some infectious diseases spread through air
When an infected person speaks, sneezes, coughs
Droplets containing water particles and virus particles are released into the air
the water droplets evaporate and the smaller virus particles are left behind suspended in the air
These virus particles do not move in a straight path
Instead they move about randomly due to the Brownian motion
This can result in the virus spreading to other people nearby
all substances are made of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space
The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas
liquid:
Disorderly arrangement, slide over and around each other, closely packed and held by a strong force of attraction
gas:
disorderly/randomly, move rapidly and randomly, far apart and held by a weak force of attraction
solid:
orderly manner, closely packed, vibrate about fixed position and held by a very strong force of attraction
particulate model of matter.
liquid- no fixed shape
Solid-fixed shape
Can also be used to explain why a substance expands and contracts
expansion
When a solid substance is heated
Its particles gain energy and vibrate more vigorously about their fixed positions
Distance between the particles increase
Causes volume of the substance to increase
Substance expand
Contraction
When a substance in the solid state is cooled
Its particles lose energy
And vibrate more vigorously about their fixed positions
The distance between the particles increases
Causes the volume of the substance to decrease
The substance contracts
The number and size of particles do not change during expansion and contraction
There is conversion of mass
Change in state
Freezing
When liquid is cooled, its particles lose energy and move slower. This causes the particles to be pulled much closer to one another by the forces of attraction between them. The particles are eventually held in fixed positions. The liquid freezes and becomes a solid
Condensation
When a gas is cooled, its particles lose energy and move slower. This causes the particles to be pulled closer to one another by the forces of attraction between them. The gas condenses and becomes a liquid
Melting
When a solid is heated, its particles gain energy. They vibrate faster about their fixed positions. They eventually gain enough energy to overcome the very strong forces of attraction between them.
Boiling
When a liquid is heated, its particles gain energy. They move faster and further apart from one another. They eventually gain enough energy to overcome the strong forces of attraction between them. The liquid boils and becomes a gas.
Diffusion
Particles which are in constant and random motion
Move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
The overall/net movement of particles take place from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
Basically Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
Tea particles spread out in water until the concentration of tea particles in the water is uniform
A balloon filled with helium gas becomes smaller after some time. This is because small helium particles escape through the balloon's porous surface by diffusion
Diffusion allows durian farmers to locate the durian fruit using their sense of smell. Particles carrying the smell of the durian fruit travel in the air by diffusion and reach the durian farmer's noses.
ysoskibidicharan
almyfelas
