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Sec 3 G2 SciPhy Chapter 8 - Coggle Diagram
Sec 3 G2 SciPhy Chapter 8
Thermal Processes
Applications of Thermal Processes
Radiation principles: Designing energy-efficient systems
Vacuum Flask: Minimizes heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation
Heat Exchangers: Transfer heat from hot to cold water via conduction
Solar Panel: Uses radiation to heat water, enhanced by black painted copper pipes
Convection currents: Practical uses in daily life
Cooking: Heating from the bottom of the pan
Aircon: Aircon unit placed near the ceiling of the room.
Insulating materials: Reduce heat transfer
Radiation
Factors Affecting Radiation
Surface Temperature
Higher temperature: Greater rate of radiation emission
Surface Area
Larger surface area: More radiation emitted/absorbed
Surface Texture
Smooth/Shiny surfaces: Reflect more radiation
Rough surfaces: Better absorbers and emitters
Surface Color
Light surfaces: Poor absorbers and emitters
Dark surfaces: Better absorbers and emitters
Applications
Radiators: Emit heat through radiation
Greenhouses: Traps infrared radiation, warming the interior
Define
Transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves without a medium
Examples
Primary process of thermal transfer from the Sun to the Earth since
space is a vacuum (no particles).
Convection
Examples
Refrigerator: Cold air sinks, warm air rises, creating a convection current
Sea Breezes: Caused by different heating rates of land and sea
forms
Convection currents
Define
Heat transfer in fluids due to density differences
Conduction
Examples
Metal Doorknob: Feels colder than wood due to better conduction
Cooking Mittens: Traps air, reducing heat transfer
Poor conductors: Non-metals (rely on vibrational transfer)
Good conductors: Metals (due to free electrons)
Define
Transfer of heat through direct contact in solids through the vibration of particles.
Thermal Equilibrium
Equilibrium temperature
Energy transfer until no net transfer occurs