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Ecosystem Dynamics - Coggle Diagram

- - - - In different sectors of an ecosystem, helps to measure abundance
    - - Put a line through an ecosystem and at random points measure the distribution of plants
    - - Capture a number of animals, mark them and then later recapture more animals and see how many are marked to estimate abundance
  - - - Arrival of humans brough hunters and more predators
      - Climate change affecting vegetation
- - - - Scientists can drill into ice, extract gases and reconstruct climate record
    - - Paintings can identify flora and fauna present during the time
      - Radiometric dating is used to date the paintings
    - - Palaeontology - fossils found in sedimentary rocks contain carbon that indicate presence of life
      - Great oxygenation event resulted in more organisms
      - Banded iron formations - finds gases in rocks to help scientists determine age of ecosystems
  - - - Measure half-life's of an element to estimate age of fossil
      - Doesn't work for fossils over 50,000 years old
    - - Use date in ice cores to determine atmospheric concentrations of certain gases
  - - - marsupials (kangaroos) evolved from tree dwelling plants showing changes in landscape
    - - Rainforest plants changed to dryer plants to suit climate conditions
- - - - pollution
      - disease and introduced species
        
        new selection pressures i.e. competition, predation
      - mass hunting
      - selective breeding
      - land clearing (deforestation)
        
        urbanisation
        
        soil salinity
      - Agriculture
        
        increase in use of fertilisers
        
        eutrophication
      - mining
        
        habitat loss