Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
How can the concentration of a specific molecule be determined in a…
How can the concentration of a specific molecule be determined in a household item
Initial Brainstorm
Common Household Items:
1.Hand soap
2.Shampoo
3.Toothpaste
4.Mouthwash
5.Washing machine liquid
6.dishwashing liquid
bleach
olive oil
vinegar
milk
espresso
butter
Face Cream
Body Wash
Sunscreen
Moisturiser :
Milk
Water has a concentration of 87% in whole milk
Lactose has a concentration of 4.8% in whole milk
Casein Protien has a concentration of 4% in whole milk
Whey Protein has a concentration of 1% in whole milk
Fatty Acids have a concentration of 2.3% in whole milk
Enzymes
Vinegar
Water has a Concentration of 94% in Vinegar
Acetic Acid has a concentration of 4- 6% in Vinegar
Acetic acid is a chemical compound that gives vinegar its sour taste and strong smell
Chemical Formula: CH 3 COOH CH 3 COOH Appearance: Colorless liquid Odor: Strong, vinegar-like smell Boiling Point: 118.1 °C (244.6 °F) Melting Point: 16.6 °C (61.9 °F)
Acetic Acid is a covalent molecular structure due to the absence of metal/metalloids in structure as well as no continuous covalent structure.
Molar Mass 60.052 g/mol
Acetic acid, in high concentrations, can be harmful if inhaled, causing respiratory irritation and difficulty breathing. Skin contact with concentrated acetic acid can lead to irritation and burns, while eye contact can result in severe irritation or damage.
Seperation
Distillation
Enzymes have a concentration of less than 0.1%
Minerals have a concentration of less than 1% in vinegar
potassium,
calcium
magnesium.
Dishwashing Liquid
Surfactants
Surfuctants have a concentration of 15-30% in commercial dishwashing liquids
Surfactants can pose a risk to human health such as skin irritation, allergic reaction when in direct contact. However if ingested respiratory and gastrointestinal burns occur in severe cases resulting in death. (Poison.org, 2017)
All Surfactants are Covalent Molecular since there are no metals in there composition and surfactants are not found in continuous lattice structures
Surfactants in dishwashing liquid decrease the surface tension of water, allowing the dishwashing liquid-water mixture to dissipate more easily reaching contaminants, oil and grease. i.e no droplets of mixture are formed. Surfactants also encapsulate dirt, bacteria and oils within the water-dishwashing liquid mixture. Lifting particles away from dishes suspended in the mixture. (Yeser Chemicals, 2023)
There are 3 main surfactants utilised interchangeably in dishwashing liquid. Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid is more biodegradable. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate has greater foaming capabilities. Whilst Sodium Laureth Sulfate is less reactive to the skin. (Collier and Messersmith, 2001)
Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)
Formula: CH 3(CH 2) 11OSO 3Na
Molar Mass: 288.38 g/mol
SLS is acidic
Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES)
Formula: CH3(CH2)10CH2(OCH2CH2)nOSO3Na
Molar mass: 283.38 g/mol
Water has a concentration of 60% in dishwashing liquids.
Enzymes have a concentration of less than 1% in dishwashing liquids
Amylase breaks down structure of carbohydrates
Proteases breaks down peptide bonds in protiens.
Lipase breaks down structure of oils and fats
Cellulase breaks down cellulase based chain common in starchy foods, fruits and vegetables
Methods of Determing Concentration
Olive Oil
Mouthwash
Chosen Household Product and Molecule
Justification
Methods of Determing Concentration
Risk Assessment
Limitations
Variables