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How could you determine the concentration of a specific molecule, ion or…
How could you determine the concentration of a specific molecule, ion or active ingredient in a household item?
Background Information
Molecules
A nolecule is a group of two or more atoms that form the smallest identifiable unit into which a pure substance can be divided whilst retaining its composition and chemical properties (Britannica, 2024). Concentrations of products may be expressed as the overall molecular species than just specifically the active ingredients and ions.
- Cholestrol
- Glucose
- Vitamins
- Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
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Ions
An ion is any atom/group of atomsthat ebars one or more positive or negative charges (Britannica, 2024).
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- Sodium
- Calcium
- Iron
- Ammonium
Active Ingredients
Active ingredients are considered to be chemical compounds that can have an affect on the body (Department of Health and Aged Care, 2023). The concentrations of these active ingredients can differ, leading to varying levels of effectiveness.
Food Products
Some examples of active ingredients in food products include enzymes, antioxidants, and probiotics (Job Ubbink & Krüger 2006).
Cleaning Agents
Some examples of active ingredients in cleaning agents include surfactants, solvents, and enzymes (ACI, 2022).
Pharmaceuticals
Common active ingredients in pharmaceuticals include acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and atorvastatin (Billingsley, 2018).
Concentration
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Concentration refers to the amount of a substance in a defined space which is commonly the ratio of a solute in a solution to either the solvent or the total solution. Concentration is usually expressed in terms of mass per unit volume (Helmenstine, 2020).
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Household Items
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Stain Remover
Concentrated Components
- Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (C₁₂H₂₅C₆H₄SO₃Na)
- Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (C₁₂H₂₅(OCH₂CH₂)n OH)
- HEDP acid (C₂H₈O₇P₂)
- Ethanol ( C₂H₅OH)
Risk Assessment
Risks
- Touching certain chemical substances may lead to burning or poisoning
- Letting substances enter your eyes may cause irritation or damage
- Dropping glass equipment such as a beaker can lead to open cuts which may get infected
- Spilling chemical substances on the floor ,may make you and other students slip and fall
Disposal
After using the chosen methods, it is of the utmost importance that the substance is placed into an appropriate waste bin rather than down the drain which may cause damage or waste spillage/contamination into the environment.
Precautions
It is important to keep in mind the surrounding environment when conducting an experiment whether it be nearby objects or students as well as ensuring that the experiment is conducted in a calm and precise manner so that the correct measurements and steps are made.
Emergency Procedures
- Avoid drinking substances in the lab.
- Wear PPE (safety goggles, apron) to ensure that potentially harmful substances do not leave the lab
- In the case that equipment is broken, it is important to notify others so that the situation is taken care of and no one else is affected.
- Wash hands before handling substances
Limitations
Environment
It is vital to choose an environment that allows for an experiment to be carried out. Significantly spiritual and cultural sites must not be used as the chemical substances may damage the surrounding structures and ecosystem whilst conducting an experiment may be disrespectful to certain ethic cultural groups.
Funding
A small funding model for the experiment may result in a limited number of materials for which the experiment cannot be conducted multiple times to enforce the validity and accuracy of the collected results. Limited funding can also create time restraints which means that the experiment cannot be done in an analytical and thorough manner.
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Variables
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Dependent Variable: Concentrations of specific molecule, ion or active ingredient
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