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LFT - Coggle Diagram
LFT
Albumin
Plasma protein found in
extracellular, intravascular space
Maintains
osmotic pressure
between vascular and extravascular spaces (i.e. interstitial fluid)
When low, fluid shifts into the extracellular space, causes tissue
oedema
(excess fluid in between cells/interstitial fluid), requires decrease sodium and fluid, increase protein
Carries hormones
(cortisol, thyroxine)
and drugs
(Warfarin, digoxin), when low can increase drug toxicity (more free drug circulates)
Negative acute phase reactant
, drops in response to severity/duration of illness, less made in liver in inflammation. Evidenced by elevated CRP.
Not a proxy for malnutrition
Half life of ~21 days
Stress/systemic inflammation: drop dramatically
Metabolic: drop slowly
Decreased albumin:
Inflammation, dilution, metabolic changes (CLD, wounds, N.S) (stop production), metabolic acidosis, albuminuria
Consider CRP levels
GGT
Detect alcoholic liver disease
May rise in response to excessive CHO
Monitor to determine if patient is overfed
Biliary, cholestatic injury
ALP
Determine bone and liver disease
Rise in response to excessive CHO
Biliary, cholestatic injury
AST
Skeletal muscle
Overfeeding
Liver cell damage
ALT
: Alanine transaminase
Liver cell destruction
Overfeeding
PTT
Measure of clotting
Consider medications, e.g. Warfarin (blood thinning, reduce clots), consider vitamin K
Pre-albumin
Short half life ~3 days
Used to assess dietary protein intake
Bilirubin
Formed from the breakdown of Hb
Amylase and lipase
Digestive enzymes that can rise after surgery (sx) or disorders of the digestive tract
CRP
Measure inflammation
Glucose
BGL
Liver function and plasma proteins
Liver function
: protein synthesis, metabolism, detoxification, immune system, storage of micronutrients, production of cholesterol, production of bile, blood sugar balance - storage of glycogen