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REGEN T3 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Revolutions
        
        Sexual Revolution
        
        The gender/sexual revolution started with the second wave of feminism (text below) in the 1960's.
        
        Feminism
        
        While the first feminist movement began in 1848, the second waves of feminism started in the 1960's and 1970s. It began in the United States and flowed to other western countries.
        
        Civil Rights
        
        Two Acts were passed in the United States during the 1960's: The Civil Rights Act (1964) and the Voting Rights Act (1965). These two acts made it illegal to discriminate a person based on: race, colour, religion, sex, or national origin.
        
        Modern TV
        
        The arrival of Modern TV allowed for widespread and fast information.
        
        Pop Music/Culture
        
        The ever-changing youth culture became rebellious and deviant to the original cultures of the previous generations
        
        Communism
        
        The Cold War was a considerable amount of time in which the United States and the USSR (Russia) was in standoff against each other, in a case of mutually assured destruction.
        
        Youth Culture
        
        A time of embracing rebellious and alternate cultures that were based on values such as freedom, peace, love, and harmony.
        
        Political Upheaval
        
        The political upheaval of the 1960's was based around the world going from being majority democracy based governments to autocracy and military control over people.
      - Generation of Revolutions
    - - Features
        
        The Enlightenment and the subsequent culture of Modernity represented a fundamental shift in how the church interacts with the world and how the world can exist without the church being its core cultural pillar.
        
        Modernity presented a view of understanding called 'reductionistic naturalism' which presents creation as a logically driven machine which can be studied, understood and manipulated, before being reduced down to its basic components
        
        Post-Modernism is the emotional side of Modernism, meaning that while science and technology are still held supreme with human apex authority, emotions and subjective opinions are added into the 'conversation' of truths about Modernistic values.
        
        Charles Darwin
        
        Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution.
        
        This theory states that all animals (including humans) evolved from one common ancestor, rather than God creating all animals at once. His survival of the fittest belief also served as a commentary on the cutthroat nature of society.
        
        Karl Marx
        
        Presented the idea of Materialism over Idealism and is considered the father of Modern Materialism. His idea of modern materialism caught on in modern literature, and it replaced the usual role of chance and fate, with more systematic and personal flaws in the character.
        
        Sigmund Freud
        
        Presented the idea of Psyche of Physique, and is considered the father of psychoanalysis. He shifted the focus from physical action to psyche in literary analysis. He theorised about the unconscious mind (subconscious) and the role of repressed desires and conflicts of human behaviour.
        
        Friedrich Nietzsche
        
        Presented the idea of Nonconformists over Traditions. He is known for his rebellion against traditional values, morals, norms of culture. His philosophy was nihilism, the belief that life has no inherent meaning associated with it. He produced many characters who rejected the conventions and expectations of society in modern literature.
      - The philosophy that elevates humans to the apex of authority.
  - - - The Council emphasised the important role of the laity in the life and mission of the Church, and called for greater participation and involvement of laypeople in the Church's decision-making and ministry.
    - - The Council initiated a major reform of the liturgy, aimed at making it more accessible, relevant and participatory for the laity.
      - This included the use of vernacular languages in the Mass and greater emphasis on active participation by the laity.
      - These reforms continue to shape the celebration of the Mass in the Catholic Church today.
    - - The Council emphasised the importance of dialogue and collaboration with other Christian denominations and other religions, in the pursuit of greater unity and mutual understanding.
      - These developments continue to shape the Church's approach to ecumenism today.
    - - The Council affirmed the Church's commitment to social justice, and called on Catholics to work for greater social and economic equality, peace, and the protection of human rights.
    - - The Council affirmed the right to religious freedom, including the right to choose one's religion and to practice it freely, without coercion or discrimination.
      - The rejection of religious intolerance and discrimination: Vatican II condemned religious intolerance and discrimination, and called for greater respect and understanding between people of different religions.
  - - - Pontifical Teachings
        
        Ordinary
        
        Everyday teaching of the Church
        
        This can be found in the sayings and writings of bishops and Popes (Letters and homilies).
        
        Extraordinary
        
        Pontifical
        
        Through the ex cathedra declarations of the Pope
        
        Concillar
        
        Meaning through the ecumenical council. There have only been 21 councils. The Pope calls together all bishops to settle matters, or explore new questions for the Church.
        
        All teachings are infallible.
      - Comes from the Latin 'magister' which means 'master'. It signifies the authority to teach
      - Jesus gave the authority to teach to the apostles. These teaching comes from the Pope and the bishops.
      - Four Levels of Official Catholic Teaching
        
        Infallible teachings of the Church
        
        The first teachings which are found in what God has revealed.
        
        Examples include: The Creeds, The Virgin Mary, Seven Sacraments
        
        Infallible because: They are found in what God has revealed through Jesus, and the Holy Spirit has guided the Church's understanding of them.
        
        Definitive Catholic Teaching
        
        These teachings help define a person's faith as Catholic.
        
        Examples include Catholic teachings that:
        a person who does not believe cannot be forced to worship
        no one can be forced to act contrary to his or her conscience, especially in religious matters
        deliberate abortion and euthanasia break the Fifth Commandment
        
        Teachings which help understand Revelation
        
        Most frequent teachings of Popes and bishops aim to help Catholics understand better the Christian message, and how it relates to daily life.
        
        Purposes of the teachings are: to explain
        God's revelation clearly
        to point out how some teachings are consistent with what God has revealed
        to warn about ideas that conflict with what God has revealed
        
        Teachings on contemporary new issues
        
        The Magisterium teaches in the light of the bets available knowledge relating to contemporary issues.
    - - Teachings have been handed down through Apostolic Succession
      - This means teachings have been passed on by Popes and bishops through centuries of repetition
      - The role of the magisterium is to interpret the Bible and Apostolic Tradition for Catholics today.
    - - Pope
        
        The bishop of Rome, also called the Pontiff. He is source of guidance and authority for Catholics. The Pope leads the worldwide church and is also the head of the state of the Vatican.
      - Cardinal
        
        A college of Archbishops nominated by the future Pope. They elect future Popes. They are the chief officials of the Roman Curia (the papal bureaucracy). They wear red instead of white, and are addressed as 'Eminence' or the princes of the church.
      - Archbishop
        
        Senior Bishops are in charge of an archdiocese. Their role is to oversee an area of or multiple dioceses (known as an archdiocese) and are in charge of the priests and bishops in those areas.
      - Bishop
        
        Responsible for a diocese and all priests, deacons and laity. They are seen as advisors and mentors for the priests in their dioceses. They are there to ensure the priests maintain their faithful lifestyles.
      - Priest
        
        Charged with the spiritual care of an area, commonly known as a parish. They lead mass as well as provide sacraments. They are seen as a mediatory agent between the Laity and God.
      - Deacon
        
        Assistants to the priests, cannot deliver sermons or perform sacraments. They are also defined as clergymen who have received the order of the diaconate, but are or have not yet been ordained by a bishop to ascend to priesthood.
      - Laity
        
        Ordinary People who follow the Catholic religion. Their role among the church structure is to transform the world through the Gospel.
    - - A Papal Encyclical is the name given to a letter written by a Pope to a particular audience of Bishops. This audience of Bishops may be all of the Bishops in a specific country or all of the Bishops in all countries throughout the world.
      - They are written to address modern issues that arise in the modern world.
        Encyclicals are the churches intellectual response to modern issues
      - Evangelium Vitae, John Paul II 1995
        
        Euthanasia is a grave violation of the law of God, since it is the deliberate and morally unacceptable killing of a human person
        
        True compassion leads to sharing another's pain; it does not kill the person whose suffering we cannot bear
  - - - World War II Efforts
        
        He provided his efforts to save refugees from the Nazis, especially during the Holocaust
        
        Delivered immigration certificates to Palestine
        
        Children managed to leave Slovakia due to his interventions
        
        His intervention in the possible transport of Jewish people held at the Sered Concentration Camp, sparing them from being transported to German death camps
        
        He liberated Jews held at Jasenovac concentration camp due to his intervention.
      - Contributions to Vatican II
        
         When opening the council, he called for an update to the Church's position as a connection to God, rather than a lawful authority, and so he used the Italian word for update aggiornamento. He used the word 'ressourcement' to establish a skilful and thoughtful message to this call for update.
        
        Gaudium es Spes
        
        It was important because its aim was to summarize the council and give an outline of the Church's social teachings in a changing world.
        
        This document was important as it also stated that humanity was created in the image of God, and that this comes from their call to have communion with God.
        
        Sacrosanctum Concilium
        
        It was important because its aim was to revise the traditional liturgical texts and rituals to reflect more fully fundamental principles, and be more pastorally effective in the changed conditions of the times.
        
        This document was also important as it changed the way the liturgy of the mass is carried out.
        
        Before Vatican II, the priest would face away from the laity and preach towards God, but with Sacrosanctum Concilium, the priests would face the laity of the church and preach towards them, enhancing the sense of community and inclusivity in the church.
- - - - Born as Raymund Kolbe, on 8th January 1894 in Zduńska, Wola, in the Kingdom of Poland. Back then it was a part of the Russian Empire.
      - His father was a weaver named Julius Kolbe, and his mother was Maria Dąbrowska, a midwife. Julius was ethnic German and Maria was Polish. He had four brothers, two of them dying from tuberculosis.
    - - His parents were poor and in 1914 Kolbe’s father was captured by the Russians and hanged for his part in fighting for Independence in Poland.
      - He had an early childhood vision of the Virgin Mary, where he was presented with two crowns, one of martyrdom and one of purity. He took both crowns.
    - - At 13, he left with his older brother to join a seminary in Lwow. This seminary was located in Austria-Hungary, so they crossed the border illegally.
      - In 1910 he was given the religious name Maximillian, being admitted as an initiate.
      - He took his vows to become a monk in 1914.
      - A short time after entering Krakow, Poland, he went to study in Rome.
      - He achieved a PhD in philosophy at the Pontifical Gregorian University in 1915.
      - Four years later he gained a doctorate in theology from the University of Saint Bonaventure.
    - - He was ordained as a priest in 1919, when he returned to the newly independent Poland.
      - He settled in the monastery of Niepokalanów, near Warsaw.
      - Near the end of his studies he was diagnosed with tuberculosis, which he ‘suffered through for Mary’.
    - - He accepted his mission in 1930 to go to Japan.
      - Kolbe spent several years in Japan serving as a missionary.
      - He built a church on the opposite side of a mountain in Nagasaki, a few years before the Americans bombed it. The church was one of the only surviving structures in Nagasaki, due to it being shielded by the mountain.
      - He entered dialogue with Buddhist priests, becoming friends with some.
      - In 1936, he became terribly ill, returning back to Poland.
      - Nowadays, the Catholic church he built is still relevant to the Roman Catholics in Japan.