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Clinical features of CKD (uremia) - Coggle Diagram
Clinical features of CKD (uremia)
CNS
uremic encephalopathy
seizures
somnolence
coma
asterixis
restless leg syndrome
peripheral neuropathy (motor and sensory)
stroke
endocrine
hyperlipidemia
hyperprolactinemia and hyperinsulinemia (reduced clearance)
decreased sex hormone levels
loss of libido
gynecomastia
menstrual irregularities
secondary hyperparathyroidism (ass with hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia) or tertiary hyperparathyroidism (hyperphosphatemia and hypercalcemia)
secondary hyperaldosteronism
reduced erythropoietin
CVS
LVH
retinopathy
pericarditis
Accelerated atherosclerosis
HTN (usually, unless in Na losers due to impaired tubular function)
Myocarditis
Arrhythmia from electrolyte disturbance
IHD
Gastrointestinal
nausea and vomiting
anorexia
Gastritis, upper GIT hemorrhage, perforation
constipation
mouth
ammonia smell and bad taste sensation
stomatitis
dry mouth and tongue
GERD
Hiccups
hepatitis (usually viral from contaminated dialysis machines)
Uremic dysentery (late)
hematological
anemia (normocytic)
bleeding (platelet dysfunction)
impaired cellular immunity
MSK
nocturnal muscle cramping
skin
pruritis
pigmentation (earthy color)
Purpura and ecchymosis
uremic frost
Pallor
constitutional
fatigue
weakness
headache
anorexia and wight loss
complications
polyuria and nocturia (isosthenuria)
electrolyte imbalance including hyperkalemia
CKD-mineral bone disease (osteitis fibrosa cystica, osteomalacia)
metabolic acidosis
respiratory
Recurrent chest infections (due to impaired immunity and pulmonary edema)
Hyperventilation (Kussmaul breathing in metabolic acidosis)
genitourinary
polyurea
asymptomatic