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Model of Cells - Coggle Diagram
Model of Cells
Cell Organelles in Animal and Plant Cells
Chloroplasts
Function
Contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis
Only Present in Plant Cells
Structure
Surrounded by double membrane
Cytoplasm
Structure
Gel-like fluid
Made up of water mainly
Function
Where most chemical reactions take place
Present in Animal Cells and Plant Cells
Cell Wall
Function
Gives the plant a regular shape
Protects plant cells from injury
Only Present in Plant Cells
Structure
Fully permeable
Contains cellulose
Cell Membrane
Function
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Present in Animal Cells and Plant Cells
Structure
Forms a boundary between cytoplasm and the outside of the cell
A semi-permeable membrane which allows certain substances to pass through only
Vacuole
Function
In animal cells, vacuoles store dissolved nutrients and mineral salts
In plant cells, it is filled with cell sap which stores nutrients and mineral salts
Present in Animal Cells and Plant Cells
Structure
Membrane bound bubbles
Animal cells have small and numerous vacuoles
Plant cells have one large central vacuole
Nucleus
Structure
Contains hereditary materials called chromosomes which are made up of DNA
Function
The "control centre" as it controls all the activities in a cell such as growth and repair
Present in Animal Cells and Plant Cells
Cellular Organisation
Cells
Examples (Animals)
Muscle cell
Examples (Plants)
Root cell
Basic Units of Life
Tissues
Examples (Animals)
Connective Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nerve Tissue
Examples (Plants)
Ground Tissue
Dermal Tissue
Vascular Tissue
A group of similar or different cells working together for a specific function
Organs
A group of tissues working together for a specific function
Examples (Animals)
Lungs
Kidneys
Heart
Examples (Plants)
Stem
Roots
Leaf
Organ Systems
Examples (Animals)
The digestive system
The circulatory system
The respiratory system
Examples (Plants)
The root system
The shoot system
A group of organ systems working together to perform a particular function
Organism
A group of organ systems working together to support a whole living organism
Examples (Animals)
Human
Examples (Plants)
Flowering Plants
Living Cells
What are cells?
The basic units of life that carry out life processes
Types of Living Organisms
Unicellular
Definition
Organisms that only consist of one cell
Examples
Amoeba, Protozoa
Multicellular
Definition
Organisms that consist of more than one cell
Examples
Animals, Plants
Characteristics
A cell has many Organelles
What are Organelles?
Groups of complex substances inside a cell which carry out specific functions within the cell
Cell Specialisation
What is a specialised cell?
A cell that is designed to do a particular task in an organism
In Plants
Palisade cell
Contains numerous chloroplasts
Carry out photosynthesis more efficiently
Xylem
Made up of thick and lignified wall
To prevent the collapse of the vessel
Hollow lumen
To allow passage of water and mineral salts easily without obstruction
Root hair cell
Has an elongated structure
To increase the surface area so that absorption of water and mineral salts can take place quickly
In Animals
Muscle cell
Has fibres
Involved in muscle contraction
Nerve cell
Has a long fibre
To transmit electrical signals from one part of the body to the other quickly
Red blood cell
Contains haemoglobin
Transports oxygen more efficiently
No nucleus
In order to contain more haemoglobin
Biconcave shape
To increase surface area for faster diffusion of oxygen