Chromatography (specifically High Performance Liquid Chromatography)

Most common way of determining concentration; a titrate, the solution of known solute concentration, is added to the analyte, a solution made of an acid and base, until the solutions react. The volume of titrate needed for the solutions to complete the reaction/meet the equivalent point, and the total amount of analyte can be used to find the analyte's concentration

Where N is concentration of acid in titrate, V is volume of titrate, W is mass of analyte, equivalent weight is the weight of the acid when the equivalent point is met

Amount of light absorbed by a solution is directly proportional to its concentration, which can be calculated with other factors

If solvent is water and solute is a dissolvable solid, the solution of a known mass can be heated until the water boils and evaporates. The remaining solute can be weighed and concentration can be calculated

Only usable if solvent and solute are both liquid, and if boiling points are known

The solution is heated until the part with the lowest boiling point is boiling. The vapor will condense and coalesce in a separate vial. Once there is no more of the lower boiling point liquid in the original solution, the parts can be weighed to find concentration

The solution's ability to carry an electrical current allows for the amount of ions to be measured, therefore allowing for the ionic substance's concentration to be measured

Two ore more atoms of any elements that are chemically bonded

Contains holy basil, liquorice, tumeric, ginger, tailed pepper, aloe vera, menthol, sucrose, sodium benzoate, hydroxybenzoates, sorbic acid