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particle model of matter - Coggle Diagram
particle model of matter
density
the density of a mass tells us the given volume of a material.
to work out the density of an object we would use the equation - density = mass / volume
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- particles are very close together,
- particles are arranged in a regular pattern
- particles vibrate but do not move from place to place
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- particles are close together,
- particles are not arranged in a regular pattern
- particles can move around each oth
- usually have a high density
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- particles are very far apart,
- particles are not arranged in any pattern,
- particles are moving very rapidly
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internal energy
- particles have potential energy (intermolecular forces and chemical bonds)
- internal energy is the energy stored in a system by the particles.
- internal energy is the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up a system
internal energy in changes of state
- if we heat a solid, we increase the internal energy. At some point, the solid can turn into a liquid (melting).
- if we continue to heat the liquid, again we continue to increase the internal energy. At some point the liquid will turn to a gas (boiling).
- if we cool the gas down again, then we reduce the internal energy. At some point, the has turns back into a liquid (condensation).
- if we cool the liquid down further, then we reduce the internal energy even more. Eventually, the liquid turns into a solid (freezing).
- sometimes a solid can turn directly into a gas, scientists call this sublimation,
- when changes of state take place, mass is always conserved. we're not adding or taking away any particles
- changes of state are physical changes not chemical changes. if we reverse the change, the material recovers its original properties.
- evaporation is when the liquid turns into a bas but only on the surface of a lliquid,
- in this case, only particles on the surface have enough energy to turn into a gas.
specific heat capacity
- the specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1 degree.