Topic 1.1-1.4
Relationship between nature and people
Benefits
Disadvantages
Plant to human
- Lower air temperature
- Removal of pollutants
- Provision of recreational space
Human to plant
-> Environmental protection
- Conservation efforts
- Raising awareness of proper behaviours
Human to plant
- soil erosion
- pollution -> air, noise, water
- feeding animals
Plant to human
- Limiting development
- Growing interest outdoors
- Greening efforts by the state
Sense of place
People associate meanings and memories to a place
- Experiences
- Interactions
Acquiring a sense of place
Repeated encounters with objects or people
Significant or memorable events
- highly visible
- historical or symbolic purpose
- positive or negative memories
- visually distinctive
Sense of place represented
Media
- texts, audio, graphics, still or moving images
- shared through print, broadcast and internet-based media
Example: #sgmemory on instagram to share memorable photographs of Singapore to people on the same platform
Example: Jurong Lake Gardens transformed into a music arena to host a concert series. Thus, becoming a memorable place for people
Example: East Coast Parkway, people walk by this place when returning from overseas, hence creating memories with it
Regions
- environmental characteristics
- human characteristics
- Geographical location
Sphere of influence
-> An area where services, events, and objects influenced by a organisation
Spatial patterns
- randomly arranged & non-randomly arranged
- clusters, geometry and repeated occurrences
Spatial association
- Tendency of a pair of services, events and objects to be near each other
Spatial hierarchies
Residential unit -> Percent -> Neighbourhood -> Town
Town planning
- land allocation
- presence of facilities
Creates connections
- Long term plans
- accommodate other uses such as military, waste treatment plants, power plants.
2.1-2.4
Sustainable development
Economy sustainability
- High population density
- Sufficient demands for goods
- Employment opportunities
- Transport costs kept low
- buildings close to one another, lesser distance -> lesser cost
Social sustainability
- Residents -> sense of shared identity
- Shared community spaces
- Population size kept small
- adequate neighbourhood structure
Goal: Increase social interaction between residents
Goal: Increase income and revenue generated
Affordable prices for daily expenses
Environmental Sustainability
- Protection for nature
- Waste minimisation and recycling
- energy and water-efficient designs for buildings
Goals:
Nature areas safe -> wildlife thrive -> maximising biodiversity
Recycling -> lesser waste
Save energy/greener energy -> Reduce greenhouse gases
Provisioning services
- Tangible resources - food, water, wood
- Provided by nature
eg. Nature -> food by plants and animals, water by lakes, Wood for fuel
Regulating services
- Climate - nature Cool areas via shade, evapotranspiration, rainfall
- Water - Filter water, Trap sediments
- Air - trees remove pollutants in the air.
Cultural services
- intangible resources - Experiences and memories, Education and recreation
- Green spaces - aesthetic appreciation, stress relieving activities
- improve physical, mental health, social belonging and group identity
Supporting services
- Soil formation
- Animals pollinate crops
- Oxygen produced by plants
Dependant on one another
- Plant depends on humans for health to thrive
- Humans depend on plants for essentials and recreation